By: Anthony Luisi707

What Is Matter? Matter is any object that takes up space and has mass. All matter is made up of atoms and molecules. There are 3 main states of matter. They are Solid, Liquid, Gas. These states of matter can also change from one state to another. Some examples of the states of matter are… Solid: Liquid: Gas:  Wood Kool-Aid Smoke  Plastic Lemonade Steam  Steel Vitamin Water Oxygen  Glass Gatorade Carbon Dioxide  Dirt Orange Juice Nitrogen

The States Of Matter There are actually 5 states of matter. They are solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bose-Einstein condensates. If molecules are farther apart then they move around more freely but if they are closer together then they don’t move around as much. Solids are matter that is firm because there molecules are packed closer together. In a solid the molecules don’ t move around a lot because of this.

Physical And Chemical Properties The difference between physical and chemical properties is that. physical properties don’t change the chemical nature of matter. Chemical properties do change the chemical nature of matter. Some physical properties are color, smell, freezing point, boiling point, melting point, and density. Some chemical properties are how certain chemicals react with each other and temperature.

Physical And Chemical Changes A chemical change takes place on a molecular level. A chemical change produces a new substance. Physical changes are concerned with energy and states of matter. Physical change does not produce a new substance only changes in state or phase. Physical Change: Chemical Change:  Crushing a can Combustion  Melting an ice cube Cooking an egg  Breaking a bottle Rusting an iron pan  Crumpling a piece of paperLighting a match  Deflating a basketballFireworks

What Is An Atom? An atom is what all matter is made up of. The atoms join up to become molecules. Atoms are made up of particles called protons, electrons, and neutrons. Protons carry a positive electrical charge and electrons carry a negative electrical charge. Atoms are the smallest thing in atoms and because of this they are unbreakable. Even though we can’t see atoms we know they are there because of experiments scientists have done.

Elements An element is a atom that is defined by it’s atomic number and the number of protons in it’s nucleus. There are 115 known elements which include hydrogen, helium, carbon, magnesium, titanium, gold, platinum, iron, uranium, neon, aluminum, phospurus, nitrogen, and chlorine.

What is a compound? A compound is made up of two or more types of elements that are bonded together. They cannot be broken down into two or more simpler substances by physical means, only by chemical means. Some examples are Aluminum nitride, Aluminum oxide, Aluminum chloride, Aluminum hydroxide, Aluminum nitrate, Chromium(III) chloride, Cerium(III) chloride, and Cacodylic acid.

Periodic Table The periodic table is a table of the chemical elements, showing the symbols for the elements, their full names, their atomic numbers and their mass number. It organizes them into groups and periods (columns and rows) based on their structure and properties. It is called "the periodic table" because the horizontal rows are named "periods.“ Each chemical element box on the periodic table has a atomic number, atomic mass, element number and name. The periodic table is in order from lowest atomic number to highest atomic number. The vertical lines of elements are chemically similar.

Substances And Mixtures A pure substance: ccannot be separated into 2 or more substances by physical or mechanical means iis homogeneous iits properties are constant throughout the whole sample iits properties do not depend on how it is prepared or purified hhas constant chemical composition A mixture: ccan be separated into 2 or more substances by physical or mechanical means ddisplays the properties of the pure substances making it up iits composition can be varied by changing the proportion of pure substances making it up hheterogeneous substances, ones with non-uniform composition throughout the sample, are always mixtures

Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Mixtures A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that is visibly made up of different substances, or the same substance in different states. Only mixtures that are visibly separate are called heterogeneous. For example mayonnaise consists of small particles of oil and water, but it’s still considered homogeneous because of the way it appears to the naked eye. Some examples of a heterogeneous mixture are oil and water, air bubbles in a glass of water, and clouds in the air, pulp in orange juice, and herbs in salad dressing. A homogeneous mixture is a mixture that is made up of different substances that are not visible. This is because the substances dissolve. The solvent most of the time is water and the solvents could either be gas, liquids or solids. Some examples of a homogeneous mixture are blood, brewed coffee or tea, wine, soapy water, and mixture of alcohol and water

Solutions A solution is two substances that are equally mixed. You can also have maybe two more substances. Solutions also have a solvent and a solute. A solute is a the solid that is dissolved in a liquid. The solvent is the liquid in which something is dissolved in. some examples are root beer, alcoholic drinks, sterling silver, salt dissolved in water and air.

solubility Solubility is the amount of substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent.