9 Week 3 Intelligence

2 Defining Intelligence Intelligence the capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges Intelligence Tests tests devised to measure and identify an individual’s level of intelligence

3 Measuring Intelligence Mental age the average age of children taking the Binet test who achieved the same score Chronological age physical age

4 Measuring Intelligence IQ = MA x 100 CA

(Feldman, 1999)

6 IQ Tests Stanford-Binet Test Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-III)

7 Achievement & Aptitude Tests Achievement Test a test meant to ascertain a person’s level of knowledge in a given subject area Aptitude Test a test designed to predict a person’s ability in a particular area or line of work SAT, ACT

8 Reliability & Validity Reliability the concept that tests measure consistently what they are trying to measure Validity the concept that tests actually measure what they are supposed to measure Norms standards of test performance

9 Alternative Formulations of Intelligence G or G-factor an early theory that assumed there was a general factor for mental ability Fluid Intelligence reflects reasoning, memory, and information processing capabilities Crystallized Intelligence information, skills, and strategies that people have learned through experience

10 Alternative Formulations of Intelligence Gardner’s Seven Intelligences: Musical intelligence Bodily kinesthetic intelligence Logical-math intelligence Linguistic intelligence Spatial intelligence Interpersonal intelligence Intrapersonal intelligence

11 Contemporary Approaches (Feldman, 1999)

13 Mental Retardation Significantly subaverage intellectual functioning that occurs with related limitations in two or more of the adaptive skill areas mild retardation IQ = moderate retardation IQ = profound retardation IQ below 25

14 Mental Retardation Causes identifiable biological reason (e.g. Down’s Syndrome) familial retardation Care and Treatment least restrictive environment mainstreaming full inclusion

15 Intellectually Gifted The two to four percent of the population who have IQ scores greater than 130 social stereotypes of gifted people

16 Questions regarding IQ tests Are traditional IQ tests culturally biased? Are there racial differences in intelligence? To what degree is intelligence influenced by the environment and to what degree by heredity?

17 Heredity & Environment Issues Culture-fair IQ test a test that does not discriminate against members of any minority group Heritability a measure of the degree to which a characteristic is related to genetic, inherited factors

18 (Feldman, 1999)

19 The Flynn Effect (Feldman, 1999)

20 E-mode online IQ test for fun… /register.jsp?url=/tests/uiq/index.jsp Online IQ tests… just for fun… Ultimate IQ Test Verbal IQ Test Logic IQ Test Culture Fair IQ Test Exceptional IQ Test are all free at:

21 References Feldman, M. (1999). McGraw Hill Company. Retrieved May 2002 from World Wide Web at: Kohn, A. J. & Kohn, W. (1998). The Integrator 2.0. CD-Rom. Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning. Richardson, K. (1999). Retrieved May 2002 from the World Wide Web at: