APHG Chapter 1 Key Issue 1

Deep Thought Globalization vs Local Identity What are some examples of each? What are the pros and cons of each? Is the world today a “global village”? Are the two mutually exclusive?

Interactive Discussions Expectations Purpose Contribution vs Dominance Necessity of participation

Purpose of Maps What 2 purposes? –Reference –Communication Origins of maps –Babylonians –Aristotle—spherical Earth –Eratosthenes—”geography” –Ptolemy—1 st Geography Text –Phei Hsiu—Father of Chinese Cartography –Al-Idrisi and Ibn-Battutah—mapped the Muslim Empire Evolution of maps

A Little Perspective… SyVu9rkhttp:// SyVu9rk Aq4TtUhttp:// Aq4TtU

Types of Maps Remember any? Most common--Mercator Mercator controversy

Mercator Projection 1569 Used for ship navigation, constant course Conformal Small objects accurate, large objects distorted Heavy distortion at poles

Compromise Robinson Projection 1963 Not equal area Not conformal Compromise Projection Stretches poles

Interrupted Goode’s Homolosine 1923 Equal-area Oceans interrupted Land Masses are accurate size and shape

Proportional Symbol Map Uses symbols of different size to represent data at different locations on the map

Choropleth Shows statistical data by coloring or shading certain regions Different colors show different concepts Different saturation show quantitative differences

Dot Distribution/Density Map Map that uses a dot symbol to show the presence of a feature or phenomenon

Sinusoidal Projection East-West Scale is constant Meridian lines should be the same Equator distances are correct

Cartogram A map where some thematic variable is substituted for land area or distance

Flow Lines Map Mix of maps and flow charts Show movement Show direction How much is flowing

Mollweide Accurate representation of area Some distortion of shape Good for small maps depicting global distribution

Isoline Iso is Greek for equal Lines on a map describing the intersection of a surface with planes Useful for many physical concepts such as wind, elevation, storms

Why are we changing maps? C2dvERMhttp:// C2dvERM

Mercator vs Gnomonic Great Circles

Scale The larger the number, the smaller the scale Effects of scale

Scale Differences Maps of Washington State

Washington State (1:10 million scale)

Western Washington (1:1 million scale)

Seattle Region (1:100,000 scale)

Downtown Seattle, Washington (1:10,000 scale)

GPS/GIS GPS-Global Positioning System GIS-Geographic Information System Uses? Differences?

Cartograms g/index.cfm?postid= http:// g/index.cfm?postid= xt_index.htmlhttp:// xt_index.html