1. Explain the difference between AID and AIH 4 KU 2. ‘Using another man’s sperm apart from your husband’s is adulterous’. How far do you agree or disagree with this statement? 4AE Exam Questions from yesterday

Task 1 Read pages 7 (Moral Views on the treatment of embryos) and 8 and complete all tasks.

IVF In vitro fertilization – more commonly called ‘test tube’. The eggs and sperm are collected and put together to be fertilized in a Petri dish, and then placed in the uterus. This method is used when a woman cannot conceive naturally or there is infertility. There is about a 20% success rate. The eggs and sperm could have come from donors. The eggs and sperm would have been kept frozen ready for use, and once fertilized any unused eggs will be destroyed. Concerns over the way in which we appear able to manufacture babies led the government to introduce the Human Fertilization and Embryology Act It regulates on research, storage and treatments.

Surrogacy Surrogacy or ‘womb-renting’. This is where a woman has a baby for another couple. Conception is usually by artificial methods, and can be using the couple’s and/or donor’s eggs and sperm. In the majority of cases it is used when the woman cannot medically carry a pregnancy. For many surrogacy is the only alternative to childlessness. In the UK, where surrogacy occurs, it is illegal to pay someone to do it. The child must be genetically related to at least one of the commissioning couple.

Explain what is meant by in vitro fertilization and why is it used? Explain what is meant by surrogacy. What is the legal position regarding surrogacy in the UK?

Do you think that IVF is morally okay?

IVF In-vitro fertilisation IVF ( In-vitro fertilisation ): when the egg from the woman is fertilised outside the womb using either the husband’s or a donor’s sperm and then replaced in the womb AIH Artificial Insemination by Husband AIH ( Artificial Insemination by Husband ): When sperm from the husband is inserted into his wife by mechanically means. AID Artificial Insemination by Donor AID ( Artificial Insemination by Donor ): When sperm from a donor, other than the husband, is inserted into the woman by mechanically means. Egg Donation Egg Donation : When an egg is donated by another woman, fertilised using IVF by the husband’s sperm and then placed in the wife’s womb. Embryo Donation Embryo Donation : When both egg and sperm from donors are fertilised using IVF and the inserted into the woman’s womb. Surrogacy Surrogacy :When the egg and sperm of a couple are fertilised by IVF then placed in another woman’s womb. Or, the sperm of a husband is artificially inseminated into another woman to have the baby for them. The baby is handed over at birth. All methods of fertility treatment and cases of experimentation in the UK are monitored by the H uman F ertilisation and E mbryology A uthority H F E A

Louise Brown - First test tube baby 1978

Write a paragraph outlining your thoughts on the following questions in your exercise books: (a) Many religious believers are against IVF because some embryos will not be wanted and will be destroyed. Is it right to destroy an unwanted embryo? (b) Is it right to only select perfect embryos to transfer to the mother’s womb? (c) Are Doctors playing God in creating human lives using IVF

Miracle IVF twins Bailey and Megan Orrells were born a record-breaking four years apart. What do you think a Christian would say about this? " Her birth is incredible. There are no embryos left and it's not going to happen again. We're blessed - some -body up there is watching over us.“ Mrs Orrells

One day it might be possible to make sperm and eggs (gametes) from other bodily cells. In theory, this might allow two women to create a child that is genetically theirs.

For Homework Read pages 9-11 and complete all tasks

What have all of these women got in common?

Louise Brown, born in 1978, was the first ‘test-tube baby.’ Her conception was the result of IVF. In the UK, one in seven couples who are trying for a baby experience delays in conceiving. Today, 6000 babies are born every year in the UK as a result of IVF. The procedure has an average success rate of only 15% - 20%

Diane Blood first hit the headlines in 1996 when she went to court to fight for the right to use her late husband's sperm to try for the child they had planned together before his sudden death from meningitis.

Diane's case caused an ethical storm and was debated in the courts, in Parliament and in the media. With huge public support, yet against almost impossible odds, she won on appeal and went on to have two miraculous little boys, Liam and Joel.

Diane Blood -Briefly, in your own words, explain the story of Diane Blood. -Do you think Diane Blood should have been able to use her dead husband’s sperm? Why? -Do you think Diane Blood should have been able to name her dead husband as the father or her children on their birth certificate? Why?

62-year-old child psychiatrist has become the oldest woman in Britain to have a baby. Patricia Rashbrook of Lewes, East Sussex, and her 6lb 10oz boy, nicknamed JJ, were said to be doing well by her husband John Farrant, 60. Critics said it was selfish to have a baby at their age, but they said they were confident of meeting his needs. They travelled to the former Soviet Union to get fertility treatment from Italian doctor Severino Antinori.

Dr Rashbrook already has three grown-up children - aged 26, 22 and 18 - from her first marriage, but her husband has become a father for the first time. JJ was conceived through IVF using a donor egg and was the result of the couple's fifth and final attempt at the process, which cost £10,000.

“What is important in parenting is not how old you are, but whether you are meeting all the child's needs and we are very confident about doing that” Dr Patricia Rashbrook Do you agree? Why?

Read pages 12, 16 and 17 and summarize the HFEA and explain its main rules.

So what are the issues? They centre around the uniqueness of human life: When does it start? Is it sacred?

Sanctity of life’ is the key idea This means that all human life is sacred. It is precious because it is a gift of God Nothing should be done to destroy it

Should ‘Spare’ embryos be discarded? Or used in experiments?

Read pages Read through Alice’s scenario and complete the tasks on page 15

Is stem cell research morally permissible? Embryonic stem cell lines are created by removing an inner cell mass from a five- to seven-day-old embryo, a procedure which kills the embryo. When properly nurtured, the cells are able to replicate themselves, creating what is called a stem cell line that provides continuing opportunities for research. The undifferentiated cells have the potential to become any type of cell - brain, heart, liver, bone. The embryos used are surplus ones created by IVF treatment

Read pages 18 – 21 Complete all tasks.