INTERNATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORK DEVELOPMENTS GREENLAND ALASKA (USA) ICELAND SWEDEN FINLAND RUSSIA CANADA NORWAY ESTONIA DENMARK LITHUANIA LATVIA REPULIC OF IRELAND UNITED KINGDOM NETHERLANDS BELARUS BELGIUM GERMANY POLAND CZECH REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA UKRAINE FRANCE SWITZ. AUSTRIA HUNGARY KAZAKHSTAN ITALY ROMANIA MONGOLIA BULGARIA UZBEKISTAN UNITED STATES of AMERICA PORTUGAL SPAIN GEORGIA KYRGYZSTAN GREECE TURKEY TURKMENISTAN TAHKISTAN NORTH KOREA SYRIA CHINA SOUTH KOREA JAPAN MOROCCO TUNISIA IRAQ IRAN AFGHANISTAN ALGERIA PAKISTAN WESTERN SAHARA LIBYA EGYPT NEPAL MEXICO SAUDI ARABIA UAE CUBA MAURITANIA OMAN INDIA TAIWAN MALI MYANMAR VIETNAM NIGER LAOS GUATEMALA CHAD HONDURAS NICARAGUA SENEGAL SUDAN YEMEN THAILAND GUINEA BURKINA CAMBODIA PHILIPPINES COSTA RICA PANAMA VENEZUELA LIBERIA COTE D’IVOIRE GHANA NIGERIA ETHIOPIA COLOMBIA GUYANA CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC SRI LANKA SURINAME FRENCH GUIANA CAMEROON SOMALIA MALAYSIA UGANDA ECUADOR GABON CONGO KENYA DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO TANZANIA PAPUA NEW GUINEA BRAZIL INDONESIA PERU ANGOLA BOLIVIA ZAMBIA MOZAMBIQUE NAMIBIA ZIMBABWE MADAGASCAR PARAGUAY BOTSWANA AUSTRALIA REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA CHILE URUGUAY ARGENTINA NEW ZEALAND INTERNATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORK DEVELOPMENTS Regional, Transnational & National Qualifications Frameworks - 155 countries

LIST OF 155 COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES PLANNING, DEVELOPING OR IMPLEMENTING QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORKS Albania; Angola; Andorra; Antigua & Barbuda; Argentina; Armenia; Australia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Bahrain; Bangladesh; Barbados; Brazil; Belarus; Belgium; Benin; Belize; Bhutan; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Botswana; Brazil; Brunei Darussalam; Bulgaria; Burkina Faso; Burundi, Cabo Verde; Cambodia; Canada; Chile; Colombia; Costa Rica; Côte d’Ivoire; Croatia; Cyprus (and Northern Part of Cyprus); Czech Republic; Denmark; Dominica; Egypt; El Salvador; Eritrea; Estonia; Ethiopia; Finland; France; Georgia; Germany; Ghana; Greece; Grenada; Guinée; Guinée Bissau; Guyana; Haiti; Hong Kong; Hungary; Honduras; Iceland; India; Indonesia; Ireland; Israel; Italy; Jamaica; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Kenya; Kiribati; Korea; Kosovo; Kuwait; Kyrgyzstan; Lao People’s Democratic Republic; Latvia; Lebanon; Lesotho; Liechtenstein; Liberia; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Madagascar; Malawi; Malaysia; Maldives; Mali; Malta; Mauritius; Mexico; Montenegro; Montserrat; Palestine; Morocco; Mozambique; Myanmar; Namibia; Netherlands; Nepal; New Zealand; Nicaragua; Niger; Nigeria; Norway; Oman; Pakistan; Palestine; Panama; Papua New Guinea; Peoples Republic of China; Philippines; Paraguay; Poland; Portugal; Republic of Moldova; Romania; Russian Federation; Rwanda; Saint Lucia; Samoa; Serbia; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; Singapore; Slovak Republic; Slovenia; Somalia (Somaliland); South Africa; Spain; St. Kitts & Nevis; St. Lucia; St. Vincent and the Grenadines; Suriname; Swaziland; Sweden; Switzerland; Tajikistan; Thailand; The Bahamas; The Comoros; the Democratic Republic of Congo; The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; The Gambia; The Holy See, Timor-Leste; Togolese Republic; Tonga; Trinidad & Tobago; Tunisia; Turkey; Tuvalu and Vanuatu; Ukraine; United Arab Emirates; United Kingdom; United Republic of Tanzania; Uruguay; Viet Nam; Zambia; Zimbabwe. In pink OECD member states, More info: http://www.qualificationsplatform.net

The international drivers for NQFs have become stronger The drivers for developing frameworks have changed The international drivers for NQFs have become stronger Institutional isomorphism? Are policy option for NQFs evidence based?

DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENTS 2010-2050 38% MORE WORLD CITIZENS, BUT WORLD WIDE AGING SHRINKING POPULATIONS IN EUROPE SHRINKING LABOUR FORCE WORLD WIDE Development of the labour force (15-64) as % of the population

The use of the EQF outside the 36 EQF countries in the AG EQF EQF becomes a tool in international HE policy All the partner countries that are in the Bologna Process are aiming at a QF for LLL. (NQF correspondents meeting Baku), CoE uses EQF as a reference in the Explanatory memorandum to the subsidiary text to the Lisbon convention, EQF mentioned as a reference in ERASMUS+ EQF influences national level descriptors (ETF analysis of level descriptors of partner countries) EQF used as a common reference tool between third countries EQF is mentioned as reference in EU policy documents with third countries (Statut Avancé Morocco, annexes to association agreements Georgia, qualification related conditionality for budget support Georgia, Moldova) EQF is reference in EU funded projects implemented outside the 36 countries (India EU Skills Development project, Indonesian Qualifications Framework, Azerbaijan Twinning Project for TVET in Agriculture, Eurosocial project Latin America) EQF mentioned in national policy documents in third countries

“Quality - Recognition…” Association Agreements EU - Countries (European Neighbourhood policy) Morocco 2008 33 mill popul. “Rapprochement CEC” Georgia 2014 4.5 mill popul. “Quality - Recognition…” “Approximation…”; “Georgia will conduct policy consistent with the Annex: EQF Recomm” Ukraine 44.3 mill popul NQF…”EU experiences” Annex: EQF Recommendation Moldova 3.6 mill popul Develop NQF… Annex: no mention EQF

Association Agreements - sources EU-Georgia http://www.eeas.europa.eu/georgia/index_en.htm EU-Moldova http://eeas.europa.eu/moldova/ EU-Ukraine http://eeas.europa.eu/ukraine/docs/index_en.htm EU-Morocco http://www.eeas.europa.eu/morocco/docs/document-conjoint_fr.pdf

Transnational QFs (ETF study, 2010) SADCQF VUSSC TQF CVQF ASEAN QF Type Transn QF; started Meta 2005 2007 F Common Q, 2003 F Common Q, 2007 Geogr proximity Btw NQFs NOT Was limited to a sector Levels 10 (TCCA, 2011) 10 (TQF, 2010) 5 VET; 8 (2012) MS in + than 1 QF 40% 66% 80% -- Nr MS; % MS developing NQFs 15 87% 32 81% 67% 10 60% Governance TCCA TQF MC CANTA

Regional QFs - some cases SADC (Southern African Development Coop) http://www.academia.edu/4570848/The_SADC_Qualifications_Framework_as_a_mechanism_to_improve_the_comparability_of_TVET_qualifications_in_the_SADC_region http://sheqafrica.com/sadc-qualifications/ http://www.skillsportal.co.za/page/skills-development/1068720-SADC-Regional-Qualifications-Framework-becomes-a-reality#.VHOfXySjV-U ASEAN Qualifications Reference Framework http://www.asean.org/news/asean-secretariat-news/item/asean-develops-framework-to-facilitate-movement-of-skilled-labour-and-professionals http://ceap.org.ph/upload/download/20138/27222725873_1.pdf