Collection Development By Bhupendra Ratha, Lecturer School of Library and Information Science Devi Ahilya University, Indore Email: bhu261@gmail.com

Library Collection “Library collection is a sum of library materials books, manuscripts, serials, pamphlets, reports, recording, microfilm, e-resources and online resources etc. that make up the holdings of a particular library”

Collection Development It is a most important process of library. In which increase the reading materials of library for satisfaction of reader approach. A set of resources that will be most useful for community. In recent time the term “collection development” has come to encompass a broad range of activities related to the policies and procedures of selection, acquisition and evaluation of library collection.

Purpose of Collection Development Selecting best and useful documents for readers. Providing better and new information according to approaches of readers Periodic reviewing to un-useful and old documents for withdrawal into stock. Spending money only on useful reading materials according to systematic plan.

Collection Development in Libraries In the public libraries In the academic libraries In the special libraries

Collection Development in Public Library Selection criteria Status of library Level of users Budget Subject of reading materials Forms of reading materials Who should involve in selection of reading material? Which source referred to selection of reading material?

Collection Development in Academic Library Selection criteria Status of library Level of users Budget Subject of reading materials Forms of reading materials Who should involve in selection of reading material? Which source referred to selection of reading material?

Collection Development in Special Library Selection criteria Status of library Level of users Budget Subject of reading materials Forms of reading materials Who should involve in selection of reading material? Which source referred to selection of reading material?

Pre-requisites of Collection Development We should be known specific objectives for library. Librarian should be created a CDP. Librarian should be kept a balance between need of readers and objective of library. Librarian should be established a book selection committee. All the rules should be followed by librarian for best library collection.

Criteria for Collection Development Life Price Quality Availability Content Value Known Unique Audience Format Authority Authenticity Reliability Timeliness Relevance Originality Vocabulary Organization Purpose/Mission. Start with purpose of the center. What’s the mission of the library? How does it fit into larger groups such as the school or community? Patrons. Describe the demographics of the center users. What are their needs? For school libraries consider the children as well as the teachers. Provide a statement about the size of the population, age range, ethnic and racial makeup, socioeconomic makeup, and languages spoken. How are special needs accommodated? Consider a statement about varied formats to meet individual differences. Materials. What materials (i.e., books, audio, video, computer software, equipment) are housed and supported in the collection? What’s the purpose of each resource? What areas will be included: fiction/nonfiction, adult/children, popular, informational, specific interests, special collections, special needs? Structure. Discuss the organizational structure of the library and who is responsible of different aspects of selection and collection management. Budget. Provide an overview of the budget structure. Describe the percentage of the materials budget spent on various materials including audio and video. Many libraries base the budget on circulation. In other words, if the videos are 20 percent of the library’s total circulation, then 20 percent of the materials budget should go to video purchases. Selection Methods. Describe factors in selection such as funding, cost/benefit, relevance, effectiveness, artistic merit, aesthetic appeal, technical quality, and content quality. State the specific selection criteria for different material types such as print, audio, and video. Describe the selection procedure. Selection Tools. State the tools used in selecting titles such as journal reviews, online reviews, prizes and awards, word-of-mouth, catalogs, personal evaluations, and consultation. What materials will be used in the selection process? Collection Composition. Describe the makeup of the collection terms of fiction/nonfiction, adult/child, entertainment/educational/ informational, special populations, and special collections. State how materials will be selected in particular subject areas. Will priority be given to favorably reviewed or highly recommended items? What about materials that address a specific need to balance the collection or address a specific curriculum standard? How will requests be handled? Languages. Discuss the language of the collection. Is the primary language of the collection English? Will materials be purchased to meet the needs of patron groups? For example, Spanish language materials may be acquired in some areas. Or, foreign language titles may be purchased with subtitles. Formats. Identify the formats that will be supported by the library. Will the formats be dependent on the needs of patrons? What about the availability of equipment? Will you include VHS videotape, audiocassettes, DVDs, CD-ROM, CD-audio, and multimedia kits? Some older formats may still be available, but will new materials be purchased (i.e., slide sets, films)? Reformatting. Describe the center’s position on reformatting materials. For example, will old slides be digitized? Exceptional materials may be reformatted (if unavailable commercially in a supported format) when age or damage prevent circulation of the original. Replacement. Describe what will happen to lost or damaged items. Will they automatically be replaced? Replacement decisions are often based on demand, copies held, existing coverage of area, and availability of item. Publication Date. Discuss currency issues. In most cases, emphasis is placed on acquiring new titles (within the past five years) rather than retrospective materials. However materials may be replaced as needed. Acquisition. Discuss how materials are acquired. What distributors (vendors) will be used? How will items be ordered and tracked? How will items be processed? Gifts and Donations. Describe the process for dealing with gifts and donations. Be sure to state that only legally acquired materials will be accepted as gifts. Cataloging and Classifying. State how materials will be cataloged and classified. In most cases, all items including audio and video should be fully cataloged, classified and filed in the electronic cataloging system. Physical Space. State how materials will be organized. Where will the collection be placed? Some libraries choose to separate special collections such as audio and video, while others intershelve them. If they are separate, how will patrons find out about the availability of a media resource? How will the items be stored, displayed, and arranged? How are security issues addressed? Circulation. State how materials will be circulated including length of loan period, how many can be borrowed concurrently, fees, and interlibrary loan policy. For example, some libraries use a one or two-tiered approach to circulation of videos such as two to three days for fiction and a week for nonfiction. What is the time limit? How many books, audios, or videos may a patron check out at a time? What’s the age limitation for use of the collection or any part of the collection? Can hardware be checked out? Are directions provided for its use? What are the overdue fines? How are these collected? What is the replacement or damage policy? Is it a sliding scale based on use or replacement cost? Are items available on interlibrary loan? Collection Mapping and Circulation Statistics. Describe how the collection will be tracked. How often will inventories be done? Discuss how circulation statistics will be kept. What other data will be collected? Copyright Policy. State how the library will address the copyright law. For example, the library will not knowingly acquire materials that have been copied without the authorization of the copyright holder. Be sure to include a statement that materials will be circulated based on the requirements of the producer’s licensing agreements. For example, faculty may place personal copies on reserve as long as they meet the Copyright Law.

CDP A policy which is created for the developing of library collection in which include Identification, selection,  acquisition and evaluation of reading materials called as a Collection Development.

Major Elements of CDP Purpose/Mission Patrons Materials Budget and Gifts and Donations Selector Selection Methods and Tools Acquisition Physical Space Copyright Policy

Advantage of CDP It helps to giving a base for accurate planning of collection development. It helps in best selection and acquisition of books and other reading material It helps to appropriate use of money for purchasing books and other reading material It help in weeding out the waste reading material It helps in fulfill first, second and third law of Library science.

Processes of Collection Development Decide objectives of collection development. Create a CDP in written. Make a selection committee. Select reading materials according to different criteria and features. Take a sanction of selected reading materials from library authority. Select distributor or vendor and commit to ordering, delivery and receiving process. Coordinate selected reading materials with available budget. Make a list and ordering of selected reading materials. Receive and check ordered material. Replace damage reading material. Reminder to distributor or vendor. Physical process of reading materials. Shelving of reading materials. CREW (Continuous Review, Evaluation and Weeding)

Techniques of Collection Development User survey, general meeting and interview to knowing their approaches. Read recent book reviews. Librarian can be purchased second hand reading material in low cost. Motivate to community for giving donation and gift on special occasion. Replace the waste reading material with other libraries. Through Inter library loan and resource sharing. if your library is part of a larger organization request permission from your funding agency. Introduce yourself as an official ahead of your funding agency most likely to collection development. Invite and display library services in front of officers who support financially for collection development. Establish a researchers' register to know your researchers. Introduce yourself to professors and offer to give class tours of your library or department. If students then return to work on papers with a local theme, ask if they might consider donating a copy to the library when they are finished.

Evaluation of Collection Development According to objectives of collection development. According to Users approaches. Updating of collection Proper forms of reading material. Authenticity of reading material. Use of collection Physical conditions of reading material.