® ® Overview of OGC Web Services Luis Bermudez Director of Interoperability Certification January 18th, 2011 Washington DC 1

OGC ® OGC Mission Copyright © 2011, Open Geospatial Consortium To serve as a global forum for the collaboration of developers and users of spatial data products and services, and to advance the development of international standards for geospatial interoperability.

OGC ® 3 OGC At A Glance A non-profit, international voluntary consensus standards organization that is leading the development of standards for geospatial and location based services. Founded in members and growing 35 implementation standards Hundreds of product implementations in the market Broad user community implementation worldwide Alliances and collaborative activities with ISO and many other SDO’s © 2011, Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® 4 OGC At A Glance A non-profit, international voluntary consensus standards organization that is leading the development of standards for geospatial and location based services. Founded in members and growing 35 implementation standards Hundreds of product implementations in the market Broad user community implementation worldwide Alliances and collaborative activities with ISO and many other SDO’s © 2011, Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® Standards Development is not easy! → Requires understanding of differences → Requires cooperation on a global basis → Requires consensus by many organizations → Requires give and take → Requires certified, repeatable process

OGC ® Making Location Count... And does not exist in isolation Alliance Partners: Critical Resource for Advancing Standards … and others

OGC ® Where does OGC fit in the ‘standards’ world? OASIS/IETF / W3C Infrastructure: TCP, HTTP, XML, SAML ISO/CEN Domains: Object / Abstract Models, Content, Vocabulary OGC Software Interfaces and encodings: Instantiate Domain and Dejure into Infrastructure De Facto De Jure Domain Infrastructure 7

OGC ® What is an OGC Standard? A document, established by consensus, approved by the OGC membership (balance of interest, all members have an equal vote) Provides, rules, guidelines or characteristics. Implementable (testable) in software. Is not open source software ( OGC standards are Open Standards –Freely and publicly available –No license fees –Vendor neutral

OGC ® Why Open Standards? Prevents a single, self-interested party from controlling a standard Lower systems and life cycle costs Encourage market competition – Choose based on functionality desired – Avoid “lock in” to a proprietary architecture Stimulates innovation beyond the standard by companies that seek to differentiate themselves. Source: Open Standards, Open Source, and Open Innovation: Harnessing the Benefits of Openness, April Committee For Economic Development.

OGC ® “What OGC brings to the table is… everyone has confidence we won’t take advantage of the format or change it in a way that will harm anyone... Governments like to say they can publish to OGC KML instead of Google KML “ Michael Weiss-Malik, Google KML product manager © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium Example worldwide standard: KML

OGC ® OGC Specifications Implementation Specifications - Standards –Basis for working software; detail the interface structure between software components Abstract Specifications –Conceptual foundation / reference model for spec development Best Practices –Describe use of specifications Engineering Reports –Results from OGC Interoperability Program Discussion Papers –Forum for public review of concepts

OGC ® Approved OGC® Standards 12 Available free of charge at Web Services –Web Map Service (WMS) {ISO} –Web Feature Service (WFS) {ISO} –Web Coverage Service (WCS) –Catalog Services for the Web (CS/W) –Coordinate Transformation Encodings –Geography Markup Language (GML) {ISO} –KML –Web Map Context –NetCDF Sensor Web Enablement –SensorML –TransducerML –Sensor Observation Service (SOS) –Sensor Planning Service (SPS) –Sensor Alert Service (SAS) –PUCK Open Location Services (OpenLS) {ISO} Tightly coupled –Simple Feature Access – OLE, SQL, CORBA {ISO} –Grid Coverages Others (33 total as of January 2011, plus profiles, best practices, discussion papers, white papers, etc.)

OGC ® © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium OGC Architecture OGC standards can be integrated into a web services architecture / platform so that : –Resource providers can advertise their resources (publish) –End users can discover resources that they need at run-time (find) –End users and their applications can access and exercise resources at run-time (bind) 38

OGC ® Making Location Count… OGC Web Services (“W*S”) Pattern Copyright © 2011, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. What can you do? GetCapabilities Here… read this. … … … Capabilities Document Great! Give me data Get Map, Feature, or Coverage Data Here you are….

OGC ® Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Catalog Services for the Web

OGC ® Publishing and Discovery Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. OGC Catalog Service –Catalog Service for the Web (CSW) –ISO Metadata Profile –Z39.50 Profile –OASIS ebRIM Profile –OpenSearch Support publishing and discovery of distributed geospatial data and associated services 16

OGC ® 17

OGC ® GEOOS Registry – 396 entries Copyright © 2012, Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Web Map Service

OGC ® Web Map Service (WMS) can get multiple maps 20 Multiple overlaid maps One GetMap request: Borders Elevation Cloud Cover Cities

OGC ® Land Water Boundaries Data about Digital Resources Source A Source B Source C GetMap OGC Web Mapping Figure Source: Jeff de La Beaujardiere, NASA

OGC ® Helping the World to Communicate Geographically OGC Web Map Service Spatial Context –Spatial Reference System (EPSG) –Corners of map (geographic extent) –Image width & height List of “layers” –Layer name –Symbolization style Return Format –GIF | JPEG | WebCGM | SVG, etc. –Background info (color, transparency) –Exception Type = InImage | Encoded/Parseable Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC ® Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. WMS GetFeatureInfo returns attribute data for a feature or coverage at a specified point. Point elev. = 237 m. WMS can query by pointing.

OGC ® WMS-Tiling (WMTS) builds on WMS WMTS designed for high performance: anticipates high volume of identical requests –Pre-render data as tiles –Supports caching WMS request by bbox & h/w vs. WMTS request by Tiles –TileMatrixSet (CRS) –TileCol –TileRow Bindings: –KVP, SOAP/WSDL, RESTful

OGC ® WMS Global Mosaic Mosaic of Landsat 7 –8600 Georectified scenes –30 & 15 m resolution OpenGIS WMS - Web Map Service –Onearth.jpl.nasa.gov –On-fly pan-sharpening –Client selected false-color rendering from 9 bands –Server development managed and funded by NASA GIO –Accessed by many different WMS Clients ~200,000 Landsat Images daily avg served as WMS layers

OGC ® Web Feature Service 26

OGC ® 27 Multiple thematic data layers GetFeature request: Web Feature Service (WFS) gets operable feature data from multiple servers Cities Borders Elevation Each layer is data, not merely a view: Country is: _ Name: Italy _ Population: 57,500,000 _ Area: 301,325 sq km... © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium GetCapabilities Request Web Feature Service (WFS) Client Opaque Feature Store Web Feature Server WFS C apabilities Response GetCapabilities CubeWerx WFS CubeWerx Web Feature Service Web Feature Server maintained by X. Roads EPSG:

OGC ® © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium DescribeFeatureType Request Web Feature Service (WFS) Client Opaque Feature Store Web Feature Server WFS FeatureType Description Response DescribeFeatureType <DescribeFeatureType version="1.0.0“ service="WFS" xmlns=" xmlns:ns01=" xmlns:xsi=" ns01:Roads 18

OGC ® © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium GetFeature Request Web Feature Service (WFS) Client Opaque Feature Store Web Feature Server WFS Feature Data Response GetFeature <GetFeature version="1.0.0“ service="WFS“ xmlns:myns= myns:PATH myns:LANES myns:PATH 50,40 100,60 <wfs:FeatureCollection 10,10 10,11 10,12 10, ,10 10,11 10,

OGC ® Geography Markup Language (GML)

OGC ® OGC Geography Markup Language (GML) GML an application of eXtensible Markup Language (XML) –XML specified by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) –GML specifies XML Schemas that specify XML encoding of geographic features, their geometry, and their attributes GML encodes digital feature data –Encodes features, attributes, geometries, collections, etc. –Basis for specifying Application Schemas –GML v3, supports 2 1/2 and 3D geometry as well as complex geometry and topology GML 3 is also ISO © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium Geography Markup Language: Representing Geographic Features 14 Another Information Community ’ s Schema Highway is: _Pavement thickness _Right of way _Width …. Cell transm. Platform is: _Location _No. of antennas _Elevation …. One Information Community ’ s Schema Road is: _Width _Lanes _Pavement type …. Cell tower is: _Owner _Height _Licensees …. (an instance of Road in one IC ’ s schema) Mayberry ’ s Cell Tower (an instance of Cell Transm. Platform in another IC ’ s schema) Mayberry Road GML Support for complex geometries, spatial and temporal reference systems, topology, units of measure, metadata, feature and coverage visualization. Backward compatible GML defines a data encoding in XML that allows geographic data and its attributes to be moved between disparate systems Version 3.2 advances interoperability on all fronts!!

OGC ® Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright (c) 2009 Opengeospatial Consortium GML Application Activities Profiles –GML Point Profile –GML Simple Features Profile –GML GeoShape for use in IETF –GML in JPEG2000 –GeoRSS: GML Serialization US NSDI GML Schemas for Framework Datasets European INSPIRE Data Specifications Community Application Schemas –Aeronautical Information Exchange Model (AIXM) –Climate Science Modeling Language (CSML) –CityGML –CleanSeaNet –NcML/GML (NetCDF and GML) –TDWG Biodiversity GML –GeoSciML - Geological Sciences ML –MarineXML –Ground Water Modeling Language –WaterML –Weather Information Exchange Model (WXXM) Further information on OGC Network 33

OGC ® 3D Urban Models – OGC CityGML Source: Thomas Kolbe. TU Berlin Atlanta, GA Source: GTA Geoinformatik GmbH Stuttgart, Germany

OGC ® Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Feature Portrayal

OGC ® Display Feature Data with different Symbols … Fire Incident Commercial Facility Fire Forest Fire Grassland Fire Hotspot Fire UnknownFriendlyNeutralHostile Violent Activities: Arson Fire Map Viewer Client Features (GML)Maps (GIF,PNG,JPG)Metadata (XML)Styles (SLD), Symbols (CGM,SVG) Emergency Management Data Sources (Regional, International, National, State, Local) Transportation Cadastral Incidents WFSWMSCSW Intelligence Critical Infrastructure Population Cultural Features Env. Conditions Emergency Management Symbol Sets Emergency Management Maps User Community “A” User Community “Y” © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. One data file……many different maps! OpenGIS Styled Layer Descriptor … and non-graphic portrayals!

OGC ® OGC KML

OGC ® OGC KML © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® OGC KML Annotate the Earth Specify icons and labels to identify locations on the surface of the planet Create different camera positions to define unique views for KML features Define image overlays to attach to the ground or screen Define styles to specify KML feature appearance Write HTML descriptions of KML features, including hyperlinks and embedded images Organize KML features into hierarchies Locate and update retrieved KML documents from local or remote network locations Define the location and orientation of textured 3D objects © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Web Coverage Service

OGC ® OGC Web Coverage Service (WCS) Service for access to Coverages –Domain: grids; polygons, points, etc. –Range components: vector- or scalar-valued Operations similar to WFS - tuned to Coverages –GetCapabilities: Inquire about a WCS server –DescribeCoverage: Fetch details about a coverage –GetCoverage: Fetch data from a coverage Subsetting © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® Coverage = "space-time varying phenomenon“ –ISO (=OGC Abstract Topic 6) –Today typically raster, but more defined (curved grids, TINs, meshes,...) –historically constrained to x/y...hm, x/y/t...hm, x/y/z/t...hm...pressure? Web Coverage Service (WCS) = coverage access service –Get original data (or subset thereof), suitable for further processing – Coverage-related working groups within OGC: –WCS.SWG –Coverages.DWG OGC Coverages 44

OGC ® Coverages “A coverage is a feature that associates positions within a bounded space to feature attribute values” That is to say -- a collection of features that share a common regular geometry Examples –Raster image –Polygon overlay –Digital elevation matrix Latitude --> Longitude --> Value = 80 Value = 95 Value = 100 Value = 85 Value = 50 Value = 30 Value = 55 Value = 90 Value = 85

OGC ® Coverages represent space-varying phenomena Grid (e.g., visible brightness) Copyright 2003 Global Science & Technology, Inc.

OGC ® Coverages represent space-varying phenomena Grid (land use / land cover) Copyright 2003 Global Science & Technology, Inc.

OGC ® Coverages represent space-varying phenomena Grid (multi-spectral imagery) Graphic copyright © UCSC Remote Sensing Group. Used by permission.

OGC ® Coverages represent space-varying phenomena Triangulated irregular network (TIN) Copyright 2003 Global Science & Technology, Inc.

OGC ® Coverage Encodings OGC Specifications GeoJPG GML GML in JPEG2000 (GMLJP2) SWE Common Network Common Data Format (NetCDF) Other Specifications GeoTIFF National Imagery Transfer Format / BIIF HDF and HDF-EOS

OGC ® WCS Operations GetCapabilitieswhat service extensions? What coverages? DescribeCoveragecoverage metadata GetCoveragecoverage, or subset thereof

OGC ® Operational OWS Implementations for Imagery ESA Heterogeneous Missions Accessibility (HMA) –WCS Application Profile for Earth Observation Spot Image –WMS, WCS –WCS for the International Charter on Space and Major Disasters. –Catalogue and multisatellite in data portal projects. Geoeye Geofuse –KML, WMS, WFS and WCS –Imagery holdings with less than 20% cloud cover Intermap NEXTMap –WMS, WCS –1-meter vertically accurate digital elevation models and geometric images Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC ® Web Processing Service

OGC ® Geo-Processing Hundreds of types of algorithms for geodata How can we scale to interoperable geo-processing? OGC Web Processing Service (WPS) –Interface that facilitates the publishing of geospatial processes, and the discovery of and binding to those processes by clients –Processes include any algorithm, calculation or model that operates on spatially referenced data. –WPS may offer calculations as simple as subtracting one set of spatially referenced numbers from another) or as complicated as a global climate change model. Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC ® OGC Web Processing Service (WPS) WPS GetCapabilitiesExecuteDescribeProcess Algorithms Repository … … Algorithm 1 Data Handler Repository … … Data Handler A Communication over the web using HTTP WPS-client Web Processing Service © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® “Chaining” Web Services for decision support … WCS WPS – Classification WPS - WCTS WFS Internet Web servers OGC Interfaces Service chaining creates value-added products Decision Support Client Geoprocessing worklow developed in OGC testbeds since 2004 Assess Wildfire Activity Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC ® Sensor Web Enablement

OGC ® OGC Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) Discovery and tasking of sensors. Access, fusion and application of sensor observations for enhanced situational awareness Sensor Model Language (SensorML) Observations & Measurements (O&M) Sensor Planning Service (SPS) Sensor Observation Service (SOS) Catalogue Service Sensor Alert Service (SAS) Web Notification Service (WNS) © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® Basic Requirements for Sensor Web Quickly discover sensors and sensor data (secure or public) that can meet my needs – location, observables, quality, ability to task Obtain sensor information in a standard encoding that is understandable by me and my software Readily access sensor observations in a common manner, and in a form specific to my needs Task sensors, when possible, to meet my specific needs Subscribe to and receive alerts when a sensor measures a particular phenomenon © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC ® 60 Sensor Web Enablement Technologies Information Models and Schema –Sensor Model Language (SensorML) –Observations and Measurements (O&M) –SweCommon Web Services –Sensor Observation Service (SOS) –Sensor Alert Service (SAS) –Sensor Planning Service (SPS) 60

OGC ® Copyright © 2009, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Catalog Service SOSSASSPS Clients SWE Web Services Access Sensor Description and Data Command and Task Sensor Systems Dispatch Sensor Alerts to registered Users Discover Services, Sensors, Providers, Data Accessible from various types of clients from PDAs and Cell Phones to high end Workstations 61

OGC ® IEEE 1451 – Smart Transducer Interface Standard PUCK – Plug and Work Standard for ocean systems (Candidate OGC Standard)

OGC ® NetCDF Network Common Data Form (NetCDF) Core Encoding Standard defines an encoding for geospatial data, specifically digital geospatial information representing space and time-varying phenomena. NetCDF is a data model for array-oriented scientific data. The CF-netCDF Core and Extensions Primer provides an overview of the OGC CF- netCDF standards suite by describing the CF- netCDF core and extensions. Copyright © 2012, Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® Current Status Status SWE Standards –SensorML – approved in 2007 (V2.0 anticipated by September 2011) –SWE Common Data – V2.0 approved –SWE Common Services – V2.0 approved –Observations & Measurement – V2.0 approved –SOS – V2.0 in final stages –SPS – V2.0 approved –SAS – being folded into Pub Sub (based on OASIS WS-N) –PUCK – V1.0 approved Approved SWE standards can be downloaded: –Specification Documents: –Specification Schema:

OGC ® Geosynchronization

® GeoSynchronization Services Publisher Submits Change Request GeoSynchronization Service (GSS) OGC WFS-T Publisher reads features from a WFS managed by the GSS and proposes changes to those features. This may include proposing creation of new features. GSS notifies Publisher whether proposed changes were Approved or Rejected GSS notifies Followers of changes to features (i.e. Transactions) GSS notifies Reviewer of pending Change proposals Reviewer Approves or Rejects the proposed changes Approved changes are applied to features via OGC WFS-T Geographic features accessible via WFS Copyright © 2011, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC ® © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium spatial database “Big” data requests vs. update requests WFS adapter WFS client WFS request: give me all the parcels in town X spatial database GeoSync adapter GeoSync client GeoSync request: give me all changes to the parcels in town X since time T new data change log

OGC ® GeoSMS

® Location Enabling SMS Messaging: GeoSMS Characteristics –Multilingual –Multi-device –Harmonized with many existing applications –Incorporates relevant ISO standards OGC adoption expected in 2011 Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium Significant potential for many applications

OGC ® OGC Open GeoSMS Defines a short messaging service (SMS) encoding to exchange lightweight location information between different mobile devices or applications. Open GeoSMS encoding for location is compatible with other OGC standards, such as those for sensor webs and earth imaging. It is also compatible with standards such as the OASIS Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) standard and the IETF RFC Presence Information Data Format Location Object (PIDF-LO). © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® REAL PRACTICE IN TAIWAN Open GeoSMS Enabled Service Venders/Services that have adapted Open GeoSMS

OGC ® Free App: Open GeoSMSer Free download from Android Marketplace Get GPS data and send Open GeoSMS to your contact Receive Open GeoSMS, bring up map and POI info Developed with Open GeoSMS SDK from ITRI

OGC ® Security

® Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. OGC and Security The OGC does not develop authentication, authorization and security standards!! We define best practices and extensions to existing standards from other standards organizations, such as OASIS –XACML (OASIS): access control policy language in XML and a processing model to interpret the policies –GeoXACML (OGC): geographic access control rules for distributed geographic content.

OGC ® OWS-8 AIXM Auth Data Source Architecture Access Control System -XACML based Access Control Systems support the enforcement of complex, fine grained rights -GeoXACML extension of XACML supports geometry and spatial functions -Examples -deny if user interacts with a service on IP permit if Alice has activated role xyz and interacts with services of type WFS 2.0 -permit if GetFeature requests refer to features of type Runway within a certain area -permit if the request is a valid (de-)commissioning for features of type RadarSystem

OGC ® Copyright © 2011, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Geospatial Digital Rights Management OGC members are leveraging broader standards based Digital Rights Management (DRM) approaches with OGC standards Authentication Licensing Pricing Copyright GeoDRM Reference Model

OGC ® How do you make sense of all of this?

OGC ® Understanding OGC standards – the ORM* OGC Reference Model What is the purpose of the ORM? –Overview of OGC Standards Baseline –Insight into the current state of the work of the OGC –Basis for coordination and understanding of the OGC documents –Resource for defining architectures for specific applications * Do not confuse with the ORM in Walter Moers “The City of Dreaming Books”.

OGC ® Interoperability Program Emphasis On Testing and Validation OGC Testbeds, Pilots, Experiments and Plugfests –Join technology providers and users –Driven by user community scenarios –Produce: Tested and validated draft standards Architectural recommendations Industry technology implementations Live demonstrations to validate utility of standards in user context Climate Challenge Integration PlugfestClimate Challenge Integration Plugfest, 2009 CCIPCCIP experimented with ways to share the world’s meteorological and weather forecast data through open standards for geospatial information sharing

OGC ® OGC Interoperability Program © 2011, Open Geospatial Consortium Past Initiatives:

OGC ® OGC Compliance Program More than 10 years providing certification Open Source Web Testing Engine operational since 2007 More than 650 implementing products in the market

OGC ® OGC Public Resources Adopted Standards: – OGC Reference Model: – OGC Demonstrations – Compliance Testing and Certification – List of Registered Products using OGC Standards: – OGC Network – member-contributed OGC “encyclopedia” – OGC User – case studies of OGC implementations in the global community – click on “Press Room” 82

OGC ® The End Copyright © 2011, Open Geospatial Consortium OGC standards are there waiting for you !!