REC 321 Keith Fulthorp, Ed.D. CSULB Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies

 Review Ethical Theories  Case Study/Discussion CSULB Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies

 Guiding Questions:  What are “ethics?”  Who determines what are appropriate “ethics?”  What is morality?  What is the relationship between morality and ethics?  How is an understanding of morality and ethics helpful for Recreation Professionals? CSULB Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies

 Comes from the Greek word “Ethos”  Customs  Conduct  Character  Values and morals an individual or society deem desirable or appropriate  Deals with individual Virtue and Motives CSULB Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies

 “A person’s fundamental beliefs about what is important in life (O’Connell & Cuthbertson, 2009, p.57).”  Rooted in belief  Filled with emotion CSULB Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies

 A code of conduct based on a collection of beliefs (p.57)  “Moral Development”  How an individual develops moral reasoning over time  Rooted in developmental theory CSULB Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies

Postconventional 5. Social Contact6. Principled Conscience Conventional 3. Conformity4. Law and Order Preconventional 1. Punishment and Obedience2. Instrumentalism and Exchange Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development

CSULB Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies  People act within socially acceptable norms, but do not process why they do so, outside of defiance to authority 1. Punishment and Obedience ▪ Obeying to avoid punishment 2. Instrumentalism and Exchange ▪ Morality based on meeting individual needs; based on what is good for the individual

 Morality that is in line with the predominate beliefs of society 3. Conformity ▪ Moral behavior is understood in the contexts of close personal relationships 4. Law and order ▪ Morality is based on what is good for social cohesion; concerns are with avoiding social chaos CSULB Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies

 Morality is based on concerns for societal functioning 5. Social Contact ▪ Morality based on what society should value; based on what a good society should “look like” 6. Principled Conscience ▪ Morality defined by universal principals that lead to justice; ability to view behavior from objective viewpoint and make best “moral judgment”; more philosophical/theoretical than previous stages CSULB Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies

Situational Ethics Individual Behavior in Groups Situational Awareness CSULB Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies

 Ethics is about:  What you DO ▪ What choices you make ▪ How you behave  WHO you ARE ▪ What guides a your moral judgment ▪ What makes up a your character CSULB Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies

ConductCharacter MotivesMoralityVirtueDutyConsequences CSULB Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies

Ethical Egoism Act to create the greatest good for yourself Utilitarianism Act for the greatest good for the greatest people Altruism Act in the interests of others, even if it is not in your best interest Duty Doing the “right” thing; ethical behavior that has both good consequences and is in itself “good” behavior CSULB Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies

Concern for Self-Interest HighEthical Egoism MediumUtilitarianism LowAltruism LowMediumHigh Concern for the Interest of Others CSULB Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies

Ethical Theories Consequence Based Rule Based Virtue Based CSULB Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies

 Groups of 4 or 5  Present your resolution to the following case study:  What is the dilemma?  What are the choices you have in your actions?  What are the implications of your decision?  What should happen to resolve the dilemma? CSULB Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies Video link: