What is Anatomy and Physiology? Integration of these two concepts! Anatomy- the study of physical structures of the body and its organs Physiology-the science of the function of the cells tissues and organs

Body Planes and Directional Terms

Anatomical position: The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms . The anatomical position is of importance in anatomy because it is the position of reference for anatomical vocabulary. Anatomic terms such as anterior and posterior, medial and lateral, abduction and adduction, and so on apply to the body when it is in the .  

Anatomic Position: Body standing erect with arms to the side and palms facing forward, head and feet forward. Sagittal divides L and R Midline-medial away from midline is lateral

3 Directional Planes or Midsagittal Plane or Horizontal Plane or Dorsal or Horizontal Plane or Ventral

A sagittal plane divides the body into and sides. A sagittal plane that goes through the middle of the body, dividing it into right and left sides is called a or median plane.

Medial means toward the midline. ( ) Lateral means towards the side. Examples:

VENTRAL DORSAL

A transverse plane divides the body into a and parts.

Horizontal = Transverse

Superior means upper or . Inferior means lower or . Cranial means towards the . Caudal means toward the . Examples:

A coronal or frontal plane divides the body into front and back sections. Body parts in front of the plane, or on the front of the body, are said to be ventral or anterior. Body parts on the back of the body or behind the plane are said to be dorsal or posterior.

CORONAL-CORONA CROWN!!!

The terms ventral/anterior and dorsal/posterior can also be used to describe relative or comparative positions. For example, we can say that the heel is posterior to the toe. The heel is dorsal to the toe. The toe is ventral to the heel. The toe is anterior to the heel.

3 Directional Planes or Midsagittal Plane or Horizontal Plane or Dorsal or Horizontal Plane or Ventral

Two other directional terms you need to know are proximal and distal. Body parts to a reference point are said to be proximal. (Think of the word approximate, near, close.) Body parts from a reference point are said to be distal. (Think of the word distance, far.) Example: If our point of reference is the shoulder, and we want to describe the relationships of the wrist and elbow, we can say that the wrist is distal and the elbow is proximal.

Shoulder – point of reference Elbow – proximal (nearer, closer) Wrist – distal (further)

FOUR Main Body Cavities:      CRANIAL CAVITY - encases the .       SPINAL CAVITY - extending from the cranial cavity to the base of the spine, surrounds the . THE TWO MAIN CAVITIES IN THE TRUNK OF THE HUMAN BODY ARE SEPARATED BY A WALL OF MUSCLE CALLED THE .     THORACIC CAVITY - The upper compartment, contains the heart, the esophagus, and the organs of the respiratory system - the lungs, trachea, and bronchi.     ABDOMINAL CAVITY - The lower compartment, contains organs of the digestive, reproductive, and excretory systems. Divided anterior and posterior Ant abd and thoracic Dorsal cranial and spinal

Abdominal Quadrants

Nine Regions of the Abdomen

The End

Systems of the Body Tissue is cells of some type grouping together for a common purpose Organs are two or more types of tissue that work together to perform a specific body functions System organs that perform similar functions are organized into a body system Cell tissue organ system body