Overview of enhancement cavity work at LAL/Orsay  INTRO:  Optical cavity developments at LAL  Results on optical cavity in picosecond regime  Polarised positron source R&D effort  Developments for compact Compton X-ray source (ThomX)  INTRO:  Optical cavity developments at LAL  Results on optical cavity in picosecond regime  Polarised positron source R&D effort  Developments for compact Compton X-ray source (ThomX) 1 ECFA Linear Collider Workshop, Hambourg, may 2013

Introduction Instrumentation developments around laser- electron beam interaction at LAL since ~2000 (accelerator physics applications) – 2000: cw cavity finesse for the 30GeV electron beam at HERA/DESY (Coll. DESY, CEA) – ~2005 we started an R&D on Optical cavities in picosecond regime for a polarised positron source 2006: start collaboration with ATF group of KEK 2008: optical cavity for gamma-ray production on ATF/KEK – Coll. CELIA/KEK/LMA – 2011: optical cavity for X-ray production for the equipex ThomX/LAL Instrumentation developments around laser- electron beam interaction at LAL since ~2000 (accelerator physics applications) – 2000: cw cavity finesse for the 30GeV electron beam at HERA/DESY (Coll. DESY, CEA) – ~2005 we started an R&D on Optical cavities in picosecond regime for a polarised positron source 2006: start collaboration with ATF group of KEK 2008: optical cavity for gamma-ray production on ATF/KEK – Coll. CELIA/KEK/LMA – 2011: optical cavity for X-ray production for the equipex ThomX/LAL 2

High Finesse Fabry-Perot cavity in 2ps & 200fs regime Experiments at LAL with E. Cormier & K. Osvay Experiments at LAL with E. Cormier & K. Osvay 3

4 1ps Pulsed laser Fabry-Perot cavity with Super mirrors Electron beam Fabry-Perot cavity in pulsed regime Difference between continuous and pulsed regime

5 T. Udem et al. Nature 416 (2002) 233 Pulsed_laser/cavity feedback technique Specificity  properties of passive mode locked laser beams Frequency comb  all the comb must be locked to the cavity  Feedback with 2 degrees of freedom : control of the Dilatation (frep) & translation (CEP phase)  n = n  r +  0 n~10 6 T=2  /  r State of the art (Garching MPI) : ~70kW, 2ps stored in a 6000 finesse cavity (O.L.35(2010)2052) ~20kW, 200fs   CEP phase

n 2-Mirror Fabry-Perot cavity Finesse ~ Mirror Fabry-Perot cavity Finesse ~ Orsay setup: Picosecond/High Finesse Ti:sapph oscillator (~0.4nm spectrum) Orsay setup: Picosecond/High Finesse Ti:sapph oscillator (~0.4nm spectrum) DAQ VERDI 6W 532nm MIRA AOM Serial RS232 Driver +/- Amplifier TRANS Front-end EOM Driver +/- PDH #1 Front end grating AOM M2 PZT M1 MOTOR Pound-Drever-Hall Scheme Transmission Signal Laser Length Control Laser Δφce Control Driver SLITS PDH #2 Front end Driver

7 2-Mirror Fabry-Perot cavity FI EOM AOM Chiller GTI Ti:Sapph Lyot filter Starter PZT IDW Slit Pump laser Ti:sapph oscillator PDF2 PDF1 PDR Slit Multiple Beam Interferometer PDT Water cooling Digital Feedback PDH PZT filter AOM filter SM CCD Stabilized He-Ne Feedback loop to piezo Imaging Spectrograph Frequency Counter CEP effects measurement in picosecond/high finesse regime CELIA, LAL, SZEGED Univ. CEP effects measurement in picosecond/high finesse regime CELIA, LAL, SZEGED Univ. 2ps Ti:Sapph (75MHz) Locked to a ~30000 finesse cavity No control of the CEP drift in the feedback loop 2ps Ti:Sapph (75MHz) Locked to a ~30000 finesse cavity No control of the CEP drift in the feedback loop CEP measured with Karoly’s interferometer Numerical feedback loop BW= kHz BW ~1MHz under development Numerical feedback loop BW= kHz BW ~1MHz under development

8 Measured enhancement factor Variation of the pump power  laser/cavity coupling measurement  effective enhancement factor  CEP measurement Variation of the pump power  laser/cavity coupling measurement  effective enhancement factor  CEP measurement Freq. Comb fit With F~30000 Freq. Comb fit With F~30000  60% enhancement factor variation if CEP phase  [0,2  ] for 2ps & ~30000 Finesse  CEP phase must be also controled in high Finesse/picosecond regime  Feedback loop BW must be>200kHz (on Frep at least)  60% enhancement factor variation if CEP phase  [0,2  ] for 2ps & ~30000 Finesse  CEP phase must be also controled in high Finesse/picosecond regime  Feedback loop BW must be>200kHz (on Frep at least) F=45000 F=15000 F=3000

9 Fiber yb laser Same experiment with Yb fiber laser at Orsay (8nm spectrum) Same experiment with Yb fiber laser at Orsay (8nm spectrum) 4 mirror non planar cavity Cavity mirrors: T~20ppm  Finesse~25000 Fiber laser  frequency noise issues  feedback bandwidth>1MHz Very stable laser/cavity Locking ‘Secondhand’ vacuum vessel  We had dust issued  laser/cavity coupling ~50% (  Net power gain ~7500*50%) Next week:  new mirrors T~8ppm (  F~43000)  fiber amplifier (CELIA) : 50W Summer 2013  installation of ATF at KEK Cavity mirrors: T~20ppm  Finesse~25000 Fiber laser  frequency noise issues  feedback bandwidth>1MHz Very stable laser/cavity Locking ‘Secondhand’ vacuum vessel  We had dust issued  laser/cavity coupling ~50% (  Net power gain ~7500*50%) Next week:  new mirrors T~8ppm (  F~43000)  fiber amplifier (CELIA) : 50W Summer 2013  installation of ATF at KEK

E. Cormier ICAN 2012 (CERN) Towards 1 MW average power G = W fiber laser CELIA F = FP cavity LAL Stored average power of 100 kW to 1 MW

Polarised positron source Experiment at KEK Collaboration with ATF/KEK and CELIA to provide Yb fibre amplifier (10W  60W average power) Experiment at KEK Collaboration with ATF/KEK and CELIA to provide Yb fibre amplifier (10W  60W average power) 11

12 KEK cavity French Japanese Collaboration KEK cavity French Japanese Collaboration Araki-san +I. Chaikovska, N. Delerue, R. Marie LAL + J. Lhermite from CELIA

Results at KEK 2 flat mirrors 2 spherical mirrors e-e- laser 12 encapsulated Motors Non planar 4-mirror cavity mechanical stability  4-mirror cavity circularely polarised eigenmodes  Non-planar geometry mechanical stability  4-mirror cavity circularely polarised eigenmodes  Non-planar geometry

Four mirror non-planar cavity Results before the earthquake Finesse 3000 & 10W incident laser power Detection of ~30MeV gamma-rays Results before the earthquake Finesse 3000 & 10W incident laser power Detection of ~30MeV gamma-rays Re installation during summer 2013 New fiber Laser Cavity Finesse  Laser power 50W  100W Re installation during summer 2013 New fiber Laser Cavity Finesse  Laser power 50W  100W

Monochromatic X-ray source ThomX Experiment at Orsay CELIA in charge of high average power amplifier Experiment at Orsay CELIA in charge of high average power amplifier 15

ThomX ~7m ~10m IN2P3 Les deux infinis Résonateur optique

Geometry for ThomX Mechanical stability  4-mirror cavity Linear polarised modes  Planar geometry Mechanical stability  4-mirror cavity Linear polarised modes  Planar geometry Point d’interaction

Summary Ti:sapph 76 MHz 1ps Ti:sapph 76 MHz 1ps 1.6m ORSAY KEK cavity 4m Yb 35.7MHz ~15ps Yb 35.7MHz ~15ps Yb 180 MHz 0.2ps Yb 180 MHz 0.2ps ThomX 8m Achieved Gain~10000 Laser coupling ~80% Low laser power <1W Achieved at ATF in Gain~1000 Laser coupling ~60% laser 10W-50W Laser amplification stability Achieved at Orsay with new laser Finesse Coupling ~50% Laser power<100mW Immediate improvement Finesse Coupling >50% Laser power>50W  Expected stored power>300kW Foreseen end Gain ~10000 Laser coupling ~80% Laser power W  400kW

19 results F=3000 F=15000 F=30000 F=45000 Measurement Only 3 free parameters in the fit: a normalisation factor, an offset and the Finesse Only 3 free parameters in the fit: a normalisation factor, an offset and the Finesse

20 We observed strong free running laser/cavity coupling variations (Finesse~30000) We observed strong free running laser/cavity coupling variations (Finesse~30000) Fit: Frequency comb +  ce variations Only 3 free parameters in the fit: a normalisation, an offset the Finesse Fit: Frequency comb +  ce variations Only 3 free parameters in the fit: a normalisation, an offset the Finesse Laser/cavity coupling 25% coupling variation over ~15min CEP measurement

A technological issue: huge requested laser power Priority : High X/g ray Flux (spectral purity ~few %)  Electron ring (ThomX) Priority : High X/g ray Flux (spectral purity ~few %)  Electron ring (ThomX) Priority : High X/g ray spectral purity <1% (  applications)  LINAC (ELI-NP) Priority : High X/g ray spectral purity <1% (  applications)  LINAC (ELI-NP) ~20MHz e-beam/laser collision frequency  Optical resonator to increase the laser power  High cavity gain & High laser average power ~20MHz e-beam/laser collision frequency  Optical resonator to increase the laser power  High cavity gain & High laser average power ~100Hz e-beam/laser collision frequency  Optical recirculator of a high peak power laser pulse  High laser peak power & high nb of passes ~100Hz e-beam/laser collision frequency  Optical recirculator of a high peak power laser pulse  High laser peak power & high nb of passes 21