POWERPOINT ® LECTURE SLIDE PRESENTATION by LYNN CIALDELLA, MA, MBA, The University of Texas at Austin Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FOURTH EDITION DEE UNGLAUB SILVERTHORN UNIT 3 PART A 19 The Kidneys
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings About this Chapter Anatomy of the urinary system Overview of kidney function Filtration Reabsorption Secretion Excretion Micturition
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Functions of the Kidneys Regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure Regulation of osmolarity Maintenance of ion balance Homeostatic regulation of pH Excretion of wastes Production of hormones
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Anatomy: The Urinary System Figure 19-1a
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-1b Anatomy: The Urinary System
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-1c Anatomy: The Urinary System
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-1i Anatomy: The Urinary System
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-1g–h Anatomy: The Urinary System
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-1d–e Anatomy: The Urinary System
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-1f Anatomy: The Urinary System
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-1j Anatomy: The Urinary System Animation: Urinary System: Anatomy Review PLAY
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-2 Kidney Function Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion Efferent arteriole Afferent arteriole Glomerulus Peritubular capillaries Proximal tubule Bowman’s capsule Collecting duct To renal vein F R S E F R S RR R S R S E Loop of Henle To bladder and external environment = Filtration: blood to lumen = Reabsorption: lumen to blood = Secretion: blood to lumen = Excretion: lumen to external environment KEY Distal tubule
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-2 (1 of 4) Kidney Function Efferent arteriole Afferent arteriole Glomerulus Peritubular capillaries Proximal tubule Bowman’s capsule Collecting duct To renal vein F F Loop of Henle = Filtration: blood to lumen KEY Distal tubule
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-2 (2 of 4) Kidney Function Efferent arteriole Afferent arteriole Glomerulus Peritubular capillaries Proximal tubule Bowman’s capsule Collecting duct To renal vein F R F R RR R R Loop of Henle = Filtration: blood to lumen = Reabsorption: lumen to blood KEY Distal tubule
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-2 (3 of 4) Kidney Function Efferent arteriole Afferent arteriole Glomerulus Peritubular capillaries Proximal tubule Bowman’s capsule Collecting duct To renal vein F R S F R S RR R S R S Loop of Henle = Filtration: blood to lumen = Reabsorption: lumen to blood = Secretion: blood to lumen KEY Distal tubule
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-2 (4 of 4) Kidney Function Efferent arteriole Afferent arteriole Glomerulus Peritubular capillaries Proximal tubule Bowman’s capsule Collecting duct To renal vein F R S E F R S RR R S R S E Loop of Henle To bladder and external environment = Filtration: blood to lumen = Reabsorption: lumen to blood = Secretion: blood to lumen = Excretion: lumen to external environment KEY Distal tubule
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Kidney Function
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-3 Kidney Function The urinary excretion of substance depends on its filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-4a The Renal Corpuscle
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-4d The Renal Corpuscle
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-4c The Renal Corpuscle
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-5 Filtration Fraction
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Forces that Influence Filtration Hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure) Colloid osmotic pressure Fluid pressure created by fluid in Bowman’s capsule
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-6 Filtration Filtration pressure in the renal corpuscle depends on hydrostatic pressure, colloid osmotic pressure, and fluid pressure
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-7 Filtration Autoregulation of glomerular filtration rate takes place over a wide range of blood pressure
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-8a Filtration Resistance changes in renal arterioles after GFR and renal blood flow
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-8b Filtration
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-8c Filtration
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings GFR Regulation Myogenic response Similar to autoregulation in other systemic arterioles Tubuloglomerular feedback Hormones and autonomic neurons By changing resistance in arterioles By altering the filtration coefficient
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-9 Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Tubuloglomerular Feedback Animation: Urinary System: Glomerular Filtration PLAY Afferent arteriole Macula densa Efferent arteriole Bowman’s capsule GlomerulusDistal tubule Proximal tubule Collecting duct Loop of Henle Granular cells GFR increases. Flow through tubule increases. Flow past macula densa increases. Paracrine diffuses from macula densa to afferent arteriole. Afferent arteriole constricts. Resistance in afferent arteriole increases. Hydrostatic pressure in glomerulus decreases. GFR decreases
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-10, step 1 Tubuloglomerular Feedback Afferent arteriole Macula densa Efferent arteriole Bowman’s capsule GlomerulusDistal tubule Proximal tubule Collecting duct Loop of Henle Granular cells GFR increases. 1 1
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-10, steps 1–2 Tubuloglomerular Feedback Afferent arteriole Macula densa Efferent arteriole Bowman’s capsule GlomerulusDistal tubule Proximal tubule Collecting duct Loop of Henle Granular cells GFR increases. Flow through tubule increases
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-10, steps 1–3 Tubuloglomerular Feedback Afferent arteriole Macula densa Efferent arteriole Bowman’s capsule GlomerulusDistal tubule Proximal tubule Collecting duct Loop of Henle Granular cells GFR increases. Flow through tubule increases. Flow past macula densa increases
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-10, steps 1–4 Tubuloglomerular Feedback Afferent arteriole Macula densa Efferent arteriole Bowman’s capsule GlomerulusDistal tubule Proximal tubule Collecting duct Loop of Henle Granular cells GFR increases. Flow through tubule increases. Flow past macula densa increases. Paracrine diffuses from macula densa to afferent arteriole
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-10, steps 1–5 (1 of 4) Tubuloglomerular Feedback Afferent arteriole Macula densa Efferent arteriole Bowman’s capsule GlomerulusDistal tubule Proximal tubule Collecting duct Loop of Henle Granular cells GFR increases. Flow through tubule increases. Flow past macula densa increases. Paracrine diffuses from macula densa to afferent arteriole. Afferent arteriole constricts
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-10, steps 1–5 (2 of 4) Tubuloglomerular Feedback Afferent arteriole Macula densa Efferent arteriole Bowman’s capsule GlomerulusDistal tubule Proximal tubule Collecting duct Loop of Henle Granular cells GFR increases. Flow through tubule increases. Flow past macula densa increases. Paracrine diffuses from macula densa to afferent arteriole. Afferent arteriole constricts. Resistance in afferent arteriole increases
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-10, steps 1–5 (3 of 4) Tubuloglomerular Feedback Afferent arteriole Macula densa Efferent arteriole Bowman’s capsule GlomerulusDistal tubule Proximal tubule Collecting duct Loop of Henle Granular cells GFR increases. Flow through tubule increases. Flow past macula densa increases. Paracrine diffuses from macula densa to afferent arteriole. Afferent arteriole constricts. Resistance in afferent arteriole increases. Hydrostatic pressure in glomerulus decreases
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 19-10, steps 1–5 (4 of 4) Tubuloglomerular Feedback Afferent arteriole Macula densa Efferent arteriole Bowman’s capsule GlomerulusDistal tubule Proximal tubule Collecting duct Loop of Henle Granular cells GFR increases. Flow through tubule increases. Flow past macula densa increases. Paracrine diffuses from macula densa to afferent arteriole. Afferent arteriole constricts. Resistance in afferent arteriole increases. Hydrostatic pressure in glomerulus decreases. GFR decreases