Plant Cell

Cytoplasm Key process = Metabolism – all the chemical reactions that take place in the cell. Jelly like substance that contains the organelles. Analogy - Jello

Nucleus Control Center Contains nearly all DNA – instructions for making proteins and other important molecules Surrounded by nuclear envelope/membrane Key processes: Controls metabolism of cell, control Cell division, proteinsynthesis

Chromosome (The Data) … all the directions (DNA)

Nucleolus Nucleolus – small dense region inside nucleus. Ribosomes are made here.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Transportation Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) Covered in ribosomes (rough) Makes and transports proteins, especially membrane proteins Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) Synthesis (make) of membrane lipids Contain enzymes that can detoxification of drugs – Liver has lots of SER’s Notice how the E.R. is attached to the nucleus …. Like the ‘hallways’

Smooth and Rough ER Key process: Transportation of molecules 8

Ribosomes! Protein Factory Proteins are assembled on these organelles by following coded instructions from the nucleus Key process: Proteinsynthesis

Golgi Apparatus Packaging Center Modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage or secretion.

Key processes: Packaging and sorting of proteins http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/vesiclebudding.html http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp04/0402002.html

Mitochondria Power House Convert chemical energy stored in food to a form a cell can use (ATP) during the process of cellular respiration. Contain own ‘Mitochondrial DNA’ Has double membrane Key process: Cellular respiration C6H12O6 + O2 H2O +CO2 + ATP

Chloroplast Glucose Food Factory Only in plants – Contains chlorophyll Captures energy from the sun and converts it into chemical energy by a process called photosynthesis  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy (from sunlight)  C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Glucose Key process: Photosynthesis

Plastids - Chloroplasts, Chromoplasts and Leucoplasts Chromoplasts contain carotenoids that give flowers, fruit and autumn leaves their orange, yellow and red colors. Leucoplasts store starch and other molecules for the cell. Many in potato cells. Process - Storage

Mitochondria/Chloroplasts These two utilize energy from food and the sun respectively and convert it into energy the cell can use.

Cytoskeleton Cell Framework A network of protein filaments Process = support Cell Framework A network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape (microtubules, microfilaments)

Vacuoles Storage Facility Plants have big vacuoles Store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates In plants, there is a large vacuole which helps with maintaining pressure (turgor pressure) Support Allows plant to support heavy loads like leaves and branches

Cell boundaries aka cell membrane Cell membrane regulates what enters/leaves the cell. Process - Osmosis

Cell Wall Castle Wall Only in Plant Cells Process = Support And protection Cell Wall Castle Wall Only in Plant Cells Provides support and protection for cell Mostly made of cellulose Cellulose is the key component of wood and paper