Chapter 11: Interest Groups Group Voting Tendencies (We need to write more!) Analyze the group voting tendencies chart and explain the voting tendencies of the following groups: Jewish Americans Roman Catholics Men & Women Rural and Urban Settings vs. Suburbs Unions vs. Farmers No College vs. College Grad

Announcements: Quiz over Chapter 8 & 11 (Together) on Friday. I AM CHECKING YOUR NOTES FOR THE QUIZ. Tutoring every Tuesday! YOU ARE TAKING THE AP GOVERNMENT TEST!

ID Cards (We need to start doing these too!) KEY TERM Interest Group Definition/Synonyms A collection of people or organizations that tries to influence public policy Synonyms: lobbyists, NGO’s, Public Interest Groups Sentence The Interest Group raised awareness for its cause by creating commercials to air during prime television. Present-Day Example CWF has used its resources to raise public awareness of partial-birth abortion through extensive media campaigns and distributed two million pieces of literature through our voter education program. Picture

Key Terms: Chapter 11 Interest Group Pluralist Theory Disturbance Theory Transactions Theory Collective Good Population Ecology Theory Political Action Committee Economic Interest Group vs. Public Interest Group Lobbyist/Lobbying Free Rider Problem Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007

Pluralism vs. Elitism -Define Each Theory -Explain the root of that theory -Provide at least 2 quotes explain each theory -Compare and Contrast the two theories -Which group to you lean toward? -Define hyperpluralism. How is that different from pluralism? How is it similar?

Chapter 12: Congress

Pluralism Stress on immaterial power If an individual cannot keep up with politics, their interests will be protected by interest groups Compromise and bargaining define Pluralist theory Government has a checks and balances system the evens out power can easily be frozen in decisions by different interest groups People in decision-making positions are constantly moving in and out of power Elitism Stress on material representation of power Only successful individuals who have proven power may enter political system Superiority of the property owning, upper class define Elitist Theory Government is comprised of a single mind type that creates policies Need to elevate some non-elites to power circles to appease masses Power is decided at the top and masses are uninformed

Powers of Congress Lay and collect taxes and duties Borrow money Regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states Establish rules for naturalization Coin money Establish a post office Issue copyrights and patents Create courts lower than Supreme Court Declare War Raise and support and army “Necessary and proper clause”

Chapter 12: Congress Constitutional Differences HouseSenate 435 voting members (population) Two-year terms Initiates all revenue bills Initiates impeachment procedures and passes articles of impeachment 100 voting members (two from each state) Six-year terms (one third up for reelection every two years) Offers “advice and consent” on presidential appointments Tries impeached official Approves treaties

Differences in Operation HouseSenate More centralized Committee on Rules fairly powerful in controlling time and rules of debate Power less even Emphasizes tax and revenue policy Less centralized; weaker leadership No rules committee, limits on debate come through consent or filibuster Power more even Emphasizes foreign policy

Changes in the Institution HouseSenate -Power centralized in the Speaker’s inner circle of advisers -House procedures becoming more efficient -Turnover is relatively high, although those seeking reelection almost always win -Senate workload increasing; threat of filibusters more frequent than in the past -Becoming more difficult to pass legislation -Turnover is moderate

Congress Key Terms: Quiz JUST ON KEY TERMS/JOBS/HOW A BILL BECOMES A LAW next class Apportionment Bicameral legislature Bill Cloture Conference committee Congressional Budget Act of 1974 Congressional review Discharge petition Filibuster Gerrymandering Impeachment Incumbency Joint committee Majority leader/party Minority leader/party Pocket veto President pro tempore Redistricting Select or special committee Speaker of the House Standing committee Veto War Powers Act trustee

Congress in the Constitution? Article I “All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.”

Is it good that we have a Bipartisan Congress?

Bicameral: House of Representatives & Senate Create a chart for each house

House of Representatives

Committees, Committees, Committees Standing Committees: committees which bills are referred for consideration Joint Committees: standing committees that include members from both houses of Congress and are set up to conduct investigations or special studies (economy, taxation, scandals) Conference Committees: joint committees to reconcile differences in bills passed by the House and Senate Select or (special) committees: are temporary committees appointed for specific purposes, such as investigating 9/11 terrorist attacks

Incumbency: What is it? Already holding an office Benefits of Incumbency Name Recognition Access to the Media Easier fund-raising Franking privilege

Filibuster A formal way of halting Senate action on a bill by means of long speeches or unlimited debate

Who influences the votes? Interest Groups People from state Staff Members

Is there only one way to VETO? Veto Pass or Sign Pocket Veto: 10 Days while recess occurs Wait 10 Days while Congress is still in session