GLASGOW URBAN CHANGE & MANAGEMENT HIGHER GEOGRAPHY GLASGOW URBAN CHANGE & MANAGEMENT

CHANGES IN THE CBD Gentrification of the Merchant City Impact? Italian Centre Gentrification of the Merchant City Development of high class flats High class shopping areas High class restaurants Impact? City Halls Increasing CBD population Renovation of historic properties Multiplier effect – wealthy young popn. and high class shopping attracts entertainment facilities, etc. Babbity Bowtsers

CHANGES IN THE CBD High Class housing Former GPO building (flats at rear) 9 George Square

CHANGES IN THE CBD Preservation of historic buildings City Halls & The Old Fruitmarket, Candleriggs £15 refurbishment, re/opened 2006 Piping Centre, Cowcaddens Façade retention, Ingram Street George Square

CHANGES IN THE CBD Modern office developments Sometimes generates conflict with adjacent historic properties St. Vincent Street Church Bothwell Street St. Vincent Street

CHANGES IN THE CBD Ad Traffic Management Bus lanes One Way system

CHANGES IN THE CBD Shopping CBD had to address threat from out-of town shopping centres e.g. Braehead, Silverburn, Glasgow Fort, etc. Cheaper rent and often larger store spaces More parking Easier access

CHANGES IN THE CBD Shopping Glasgow being marketed as major UK shopping destination. Buchanan Galleries attracts flagship stores. Major redevelopment of this part of town, and further expansion planned Glasgow has actually suffered very little from out-of-town competition Designer labels in high class centres e.g. Italian Centre & Princes Square

CHANGES IN THE CBD Entertainment & Leisure Large no. hotels have been opened in recent years, due to:- Growth in tourism – city breaks to see cultural & historic sites or to for shopping. Venues like SECC attract major conferences to Glasgow. Growth in festivals

CHANGES IN THE CBD Entertainment & Leisure Major cinema complexes (but closure of smaller cinemas like ABC, Odeon) Festivals – music, film, art, etc. attract many visitors Wide range of concert venues, pubs, restaurants, clubs – new venues open regularly

Urban Regeneration Schemes in Glasgow 1960s to present day

1960-1970s – Comprehensive Development Areas 29 CDAs across Glasgow, e.g. Gorbals, Cowcaddens, Townhead, Springburn. Demolition of tenements and replacement with high-rise flats Hutchensontown 1961 Townhead, 1971

1960-1970s – Comprehensive Development Areas Lowered population density by 60% Surplus population moved to peripheral housing estates (e.g. Castlemilk), overspill towns such as Johnstone & New Towns, e.g. East Kilbride & Cumbernauld Glasgow’s population greatly reduced Problems of high-rise housing?

1970s-1990s – Urban Renewal Schemes e.g. GEAR Refurbish old housing rather than demolishing it Involving local people in decision making e.g. housing associations GEAR – Glasgow Eastern Area Renewal project –1975-1986 Parkhead, Bridgeton, Shettleston, Dalmarnock area Achieved - better housing New jobs Better environment New transport & shopping facilities New sport and leisure facilities Beardmore munitions factory

GEAR Crownpoint Sports Complex Annick St. Industrial Estate, Shettleston (created 300 jobs) Parkhead Forge Shopping Centre Parkhead Cross

GEAR £500 million invested. Funding stopped 1987. Enormous environmental improvements, but still high unemployment as traditional local industries continued to close, and some poor quality housing remains. Much of this area will be transformed by the Athletes’ Village for the Commonwealth Games in 2014 – housing for sale and rent afterwards. National Indoor Sports Arena (next to Celtic Park) Athletes’ Village

1990s onwards See population graph p.18 Dramatic fall in population due to slum clearance programmes industrial decline more recent movement to suburbs beyond the city boundaries e.g. Bearsden, Newton Mearns, etc. Problems for city? High unemployment Loss of taxes to pay for services Glasgow Garden Festival, 1988 European City of Culture, 1990

‘NEW’ GORBALS Many developments have taken place to reverse the trend of population loss & industrial decline. E.g. Gorbals – poor quality flats and high-rise developments of CDA being replaced with modern flats for sale and rent. 1940s –100,000 1990s – 9000 2010 – 90,000?

PERIPHERAL ESTATES - Castlemilk Glenwood Business Centre Community Regeneration Centre

RIVERSIDE REGENERATION See Glasgow Riverside Powerpoint

INNER CITY REDEVELOPMENT GLASGOW HARBOUR PROJECT

Glasgow Harbour Masterplan

Meadowside Granary The site – past and present

£1.2 billion project Glasgow Harbour Ltd, Glasgow City & Scottish Enterprise Glasgow Timescale: 2001-2010 Aim: To regenerate 130 acres of derelict former shipyards and docks. To create a residential district, retail and leisure district, commercial district and areas of public open space. Creation of over 10,000 jobs (construction and finished development). Attract people back to live in city, thus increasing council tax income from homes and businesses.

Residential district 2500 new homes

Retail and leisure district Riverside Museum (new Museum of transport) Due 2009, work started late 2007                        Glasgow River Festival - July

High quality shopping destination also planned, plus supermarket Approx. 42% of site will be developed as new parks with river walkways and cycle paths, public open spaces and landscaped areas

Transport Infrastructure Improvements Clydeside Expressway being lowered to remove ‘barrier’ between West End & Glasgow Harbour, and redeveloped to improve access into Glasgow Harbour at Partick. New bridge over River Kelvin

Transport Infrastructure Improvements Clyde Fastlink ‘State of the art’ public transport system running 6 min. interval service from city centre, past SECC to Glasgow Harbour. Dedicated bus route offering a tram-like experience. Vehicles separate from other traffic over most of the 6km route. New Partick Interchange railway and subway station – the station serving Glasgow Harbour

Infilling Yorkhill Basin August 2006 - site of Riverside Museum Old railway embankment along South Street removed where it passed Glasgow Harbour site – seen as a ‘barrier’, restricting access and views to the harbour Development.

See www.glasgowharbour.com www.clydewaterfront.com Proposed commercial development Keen to recognise & preserve history – employ historians and archaeologists and are salvaging & recycling architectural features e.g. signage from granaries, cobblestones and maritime paraphernalia See www.glasgowharbour.com www.clydewaterfront.com