Introduction to Music Theory Harnett Central Middle School Mr. Cheney & Mrs. Morrow

The Treble Clef Also called the ‘G’ clef Typically used for higher sounds, C4 (Middle C) and above The most commonly used clef

The Bass Clef Also called the ‘F’ clef Typically used for lower pitches, C4 (Middle C) and below

The Alto Clef Also called the ‘C’ clef The least commonly used clef; used typically in stringed instruments and old choral music This clef is moveable

Time Signatures (or, Meter) The top number represents the amount of beats per measure. The bottom number represents what kind of note receives one beat.

Standard Note Lengths Quarter Note (1) Half Note (2) Dotted Half Note (3) Whole Note (4) Sixteenth Note (1/4) Eighth Note (1/2) Dotted Quarter Note (1 1/2)

Sharps and Flats These symbols are used in 2 cases: A sharp sign A flat sign These symbols are used in 2 cases: In a key signature, to determine in which key the notes that follow should be performed As accidentals; the symbols are placed in front of any note and raise it by a ½ step (sharp) or lower it by a ½ step (flat). This remains in effect for one measure.

The Natural Symbol This symbol is used in a specific situations: - If a sharp or flat accidental has been used and the composer wishes to change that note back to its original quality within the same measure, a natural sign is used to do so. Natural signs are also used to remind musicians of a recent key change.

The Circle of Fifths

The Order of Flats

The Order of Sharps F C G D A E B

=) DUNH DUNH DUNH! =)