Sections 9.1 – 9.3 Valence Bond Theory and Hybrid Orbitals Bill Vining SUNY Oneonta.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Theories of Chemical Bonding
Advertisements

Chapter 9 Chemical Bonding Theories Valence Bond Theory: Uses Lewis Structures Bonds form using shared electrons between overlapping orbitals on adjacent.
Chapter 9 Chemical Bonding Theories Valence Bond Theory: Uses Lewis Structures Bonds form using shared electrons between overlapping orbitals on adjacent.
Chapter 10 Chemical Bonding Theories Valence Bond Theory: Uses Lewis Structures Bonds form using shared electrons between overlapping orbitals on adjacent.
Chapter 9 Chemical Bonding Theories Valence Bond Theory: Uses Lewis Structures Bonds form using shared electrons between overlapping orbitals on adjacent.
Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Chapter 10 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.  Permission required.
Covalent Bonding: Orbitals. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 14a–2 The Central Themes of VB Theory Basic Principle A covalent.
Hybridisation of s and p orbitals in alkanes, alkenes and alkynes Unit 3.
Multiple Bonds, Pi MOs, Delocalization. Permanganate Test Results Hexane, C 6 H 14 Hexene, C 6 H 12 Limonene Blank Pinene, C 10 H 16.
Hybridization Section Introduction A hybrid results from combining 2 of the same type of object and it has characteristics of both Atomic orbitals.
John E. McMurry Paul D. Adams University of Arkansas Atomic and Molecular Orbitals.
Medical Chemistry (1) 1433 – 1434 H. Carbon Compounds.
Hybridization of Orbitals Sections 9.1 and 9.5
Molecular Shape VSEPR Model. Molecular Shape Physical/Chemical PROPERTIES SHAPE of Molecule (VSEPR) Overlap of ORBITALS (Hybridization)
Chapter 9 Chemical Bonding Theories
8-2.4 Hybrid Orbital Theory
Chemical Bonding Hybridization and Molecular Orbital Theory.
Molecular Geometry & Bonding Theories
COVALENT BONDING: ORBITALS HYBRIDIZATION (9.1). HYBRIDIZATION Consider methane,CH 4 C has 4 valence electrons 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 This suggests that there.
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Some Material Copyright PGCC CHM 101 Sinex Some Graphics from Nelson Chemistry 12 Textbook.
Hybridization A Blending of Orbitals Methane CH 4 CH 4 Sometimes called “natural gas, ” methane is used to heat homes. Sometimes called “natural gas,
Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Chapter 10 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.  Permission required.
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 Covalent Bonding: Hybrid Atomic Orbitals.
Dipole Moments and Polar Molecules 10.2 H F electron rich region electron poor region    = Q x r Q is the charge r is the distance between charges.
Hybrid Orbitals. Why Covalent Bonds Exist Atoms share electrons when their orbitals overlap When orbitals overlap, electrons are simultaneously attracted.
Bonding theory Two methods of approximation are used to describe bonding between atoms. Valence bond method Bonds are assumed to be formed by overlap of.
June 9, 2009 – Class 35 and 36 Overview
Covalent bonding in Methane: CH 4 Carbon: 1S 2 2S 2 2P 2 Energy is released as carbon forms covalent bonds and the more energy released the more stable.
Hybridization Section Introduction A hybrid results from combining 2 of the same type of object and it has characteristics of both Atomic orbitals.
Geometric ISOMERS of Alkenes Chapter 12 Section 3.
Two Bonding Theories Valence Bond Theory (localized electron model) –Electrons in a molecule still occupy orbitals of individual atoms. Molecular Orbital.
Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Chapter 9 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.  Permission required.
Hybrid Orbitals. Sigma Bond (σ) Covalent bond which the electron density is concentrated symmetrically along the internuclear axis Line joining the two.
Hybridization and Other Good Stuff. Introduction A hybrid results from combining two of the same type of objects, and it has characteristics of both Atomic.
Chapter 8 Lecture 8.5 Hybridization Section 8.3 Bonding Theories.
Chapter 9 Chemical Bonding Theories
Sections 9.1 – 9.3 Valence Bond Theory Hybrid Orbitals Sigma and Pi Bonding.
To offer more in-depth explanations of chemical bonding more sophisticated concepts and theories are required 14.1 and 14.2 Hybridization 1.
Hydrocarbons - Alkenes L.O. To know how to name alkenes To know and understand how the structure of alkenes arises and the isomerism possible Homework:
Hybridization.
Valence Bond Theory: Getting New Geometries From Atomic Orbitals 2 p y = C sp 3 hybrid orbital 2 s orbital C 2 p z CH 4 : Tetrahedral 2 p x.
COVALENT BONDING: ORBITALS Chapter 9. Hybridization The mixing of atomic orbitals to form special molecular orbitals for bonding. The atoms are responding.
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 Chemistry FIFTH EDITION by Steven S. Zumdahl University of Illinois.
4.6 Quantum Mechanics and Bonding: Hybridization.
1 Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals.
9-7 Polar Bonds vs. Polar Molecules (Section 12.3)
Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Chapter 9 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.  Permission required.
Hybrid Orbitals © Evan P. Silberstein, 2010.
Unit 2.3: Chemical Bonding
Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Chapter 10 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.  Permission required.
Chapter 2: Structure and Properties of Organic Molecules
Honors Chemistry Mrs. Coyle
Chapter 9 Chemical Bonding Theories
Chapter 9 Valence Bond Theory.
SCH4U1 September Mr. Dvorsky
Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Chapter 9 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.  Permission required.
Bonding Theories 8.3 This car is being painted by a process called electrostatic spray painting. The negatively charged droplets are attracted to the auto.
Hybridization of Orbitals
Molecular Shapes Lewis structures physical properties VSEPR
Honors Chemistry Mrs. Coyle
Chapter 9 Chemical Bonding Theories
Qantum Mechanics and Bonding Hybridization
Covalent bonds are formed by:
Chemical formula and Lewis Structures Constitutional Isomers
Qantum Mechanics and Bonding Hybridization
9-7 Polar Bonds vs. Polar Molecules (Section 12.3)
Chemical Bonding - HL.
Covalent Bonding: Orbitals
Hybridization College Chemistry.
Chapter 9 Chemical Bonding Theories
Presentation transcript:

Sections 9.1 – 9.3 Valence Bond Theory and Hybrid Orbitals Bill Vining SUNY Oneonta

Valence Bond Theory In this section… a.Bond formation b.Hybrid orbitals c.Pi bonding d.Isomers and Conformations

Why do bonds form? Valence bond theory

Sigma Bonding: Overlap region lies directly between the nuclei of bonding atoms

Hybrid Orbitals Consider methane, which has tetrahedral geometry Valence orbitals for central C atom:

Hybrid Orbitals 2s, 2p x, 2p y, 2p z orbitals combine to form four sp 3 hybrid orbitals

Bonding in Methane

Types of Hybrid Orbitals sp sp 2 sp 3 sp 3 d sp 3 d 2

Bonding in Ammonia: NH 3

Bonding in Methanol: CH 3 OH

Bonding in BF 3

Bonding in SF 4

Formation of pi Bonds Pi bonds form by overlap of parallel p orbitals (overlapping side-to-side)

Bonding in ethene: C 2 H 4 sigma bonding:pi bonding: combined bonding:

Bonding in benzene: C 6 H 6 sigma bonding:pi bonding: combined bonding:

Isomers vs. Conformations Bond Rotations: rotations about single bonds are easy Bond Rotations about single bonds result in conformations

Isomers vs. Conformations Bond Rotations: rotations about pi bonds are difficult Bond Rotations about pi bonds result in isomers

cis-trans isomerization in alkenes cis trans

Isomers vs. Conformations vs.

Feedback: Privacy Policy Feedback
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
About project: SlidePlayer Terms of Service

© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc. All rights reserved.