Making the Linkage Between Water Management & Planning Rita P. Maguire, President and CEO ACMA 2006 Summer Conference July 27, Tucson, AZ

2 Does Arizona have enough water? Yes... and No. The answer is... it depends. Yes... and No. The answer is... it depends.

3 Groundwater 40% Surface Water 54% Effluent 6% Colorado ~33% Salt/Verde/Gila ~66% Where does Arizona’s water come from? Annual demand for water is approx. 7.5 maf Arizona’s Single Largest Effluent User – Palo Verde Nuclear Plant – Arizona’s Single Largest Effluent User – Palo Verde Nuclear Plant –

4 Colorado River Allocation  The Colorado River was over-allocated in 1922 among the 7 states  Avg. annual yield is approx. 15 maf while states assumed avg. yield was 17 maf  Arizona’s share of Colorado River is 2.8 maf CAP is lowest priority user in Lower Basin  The Colorado River was over-allocated in 1922 among the 7 states  Avg. annual yield is approx. 15 maf while states assumed avg. yield was 17 maf  Arizona’s share of Colorado River is 2.8 maf CAP is lowest priority user in Lower Basin California Nevada Arizona New Mexico Colorado Wyoming Utah Upper Basin Lower Basin

5 Southwest Climatic Conditions  U of A tree ring studies indicate that 20 th century was unusually wet  This could mean year drought cycles in Arizona are normal  Supply calculations could be over-estimated  U of A tree ring studies indicate that 20 th century was unusually wet  This could mean year drought cycles in Arizona are normal  Supply calculations could be over-estimated

6 Where does Arizona’s water go?  Agriculture 70% of statewide use Down from 90% around 1900, still decreasing  Municipal Increasing, but the only sector in safe yield  Industrial More significant in Tucson due to mining  Agriculture 70% of statewide use Down from 90% around 1900, still decreasing  Municipal Increasing, but the only sector in safe yield  Industrial More significant in Tucson due to mining

7 How is water managed in the West?  Typically regulated at the state & local levels  Federal control: Historically, a result of funding & construction of massive reclamation projects (eg. Salt River Project) Today, through environmental laws, case law & lower basin management through the Secretary of the Interior  Typically regulated at the state & local levels  Federal control: Historically, a result of funding & construction of massive reclamation projects (eg. Salt River Project) Today, through environmental laws, case law & lower basin management through the Secretary of the Interior

8 How is water managed in Arizona?  The Groundwater Management Code (1980) regulates groundwater use in Arizona’s AMAs, with increasingly stringent regulations  Access to deep aquifers & imported surface water supplies from the Colorado River have shaped management in Central Arizona  Many rural areas have limited groundwater supplies & few surface water rights  The Groundwater Management Code (1980) regulates groundwater use in Arizona’s AMAs, with increasingly stringent regulations  Access to deep aquifers & imported surface water supplies from the Colorado River have shaped management in Central Arizona  Many rural areas have limited groundwater supplies & few surface water rights

9 Active Management Areas (AMAs)  AMAs comprise 80% of population 75% of water consumption 13% of land  4 of the 5 AMAs have a mandated goal of safe yield by 2025  All new irrigation banned in AMAs & INAs after 1980  AMAs comprise 80% of population 75% of water consumption 13% of land  4 of the 5 AMAs have a mandated goal of safe yield by 2025  All new irrigation banned in AMAs & INAs after 1980

10 Regulation Within the AMAs  4 of the 5 AMAs have goal of “Safe Yield”  Safe Yieldgroundwater pumpedreplenished  ADWR has exclusive authority to manage the aquifers within AMAs  4 of the 5 AMAs have goal of “Safe Yield”  Safe Yieldgroundwater pumpedreplenished  ADWR has exclusive authority to manage the aquifers within AMAs =

11 Regulation Outside the AMAs  State adequacy program serves as a notice to initial purchaser of residential property  No protection of groundwater supplies  Limited knowledge of the long-term water budgets of non-AMA communities  State adequacy program serves as a notice to initial purchaser of residential property  No protection of groundwater supplies  Limited knowledge of the long-term water budgets of non-AMA communities

12 Statewide Water & Land Use Planning  Growing Smarter  Assured Water Supply Program within AMAs  Rural Watershed Committees with ADWR technical support  Well-drilling & well-spacing rules  Growing Smarter  Assured Water Supply Program within AMAs  Rural Watershed Committees with ADWR technical support  Well-drilling & well-spacing rules

13 Consequence of Poor Management  Increased water costs  Decreased water quality  Permanently reduced aquifer storage capacity  Land subsidence  Extreme competition for supplies  Declining growth & investment  Environmental damage, i.e. in riparian areas  Public disillusionment  Increased water costs  Decreased water quality  Permanently reduced aquifer storage capacity  Land subsidence  Extreme competition for supplies  Declining growth & investment  Environmental damage, i.e. in riparian areas  Public disillusionment

14 Water Shortages & Responses  Caused by demand in excess of supply Seasonal Drought-related Long-term imbalance between demand & supply  The nature of the shortage affects the selection of the solution Enhancing supplies Reducing demand Combined approach  Caused by demand in excess of supply Seasonal Drought-related Long-term imbalance between demand & supply  The nature of the shortage affects the selection of the solution Enhancing supplies Reducing demand Combined approach

15 Response Options to a Water Shortage Reduce Demand Non- regulatory System Improvements Minimize Waste Leak Detection Metering Customer Programs Educational Programs Incentive Programs Assistance Programs Regulatory Controls Incremental Pricing Drought Restrictions Conservation Ordinances Differential Hook-up Fees Increase Supply Other Water Harvesting Watershed Management Import Water Est. Tech. Adv. Team Temporary Transfers (Leasing) Outright Purchases Dry Year Options Surface Water Diversions Surface Water Rights Groundwater Pumping Local Supply Enhancements Storage Options Distribution System Storage Underground Surface Reservoirs Effluent Reuse Reclaimed Wastewater System On-Site Use Water Purification / Potable Use Recharge / Recovery of Effluent Water Shortage

16 Response Options to a Water Shortage Reduce Demand Non- regulatory System Improvements Minimize Waste Leak Detection Metering Customer Programs Educational Programs Incentive Programs Assistance Programs Regulatory Controls Incremental Pricing Drought Restrictions Conservation Ordinances Differential Hook-up Fees Increase Supply Other Water Harvesting Watershed Management Import Water Est. Tech. Adv. Team Temporary Transfers (Leasing) Outright Purchases Dry Year Options Surface Water Diversions Surface Water Rights Groundwater Pumping Local Supply Enhancements Storage Options Distribution System Storage Underground Surface Reservoirs Effluent Reuse Reclaimed Wastewater System On-Site Use Water Purification / Potable Use Recharge / Recovery of Effluent Water Shortage

17 Response Options to a Water Shortage Increase Supply Other Water Harvesting Watershed Management Import Water Est. Tech. Adv. Team Temporary Transfers (Leasing) Outright Purchases Dry Year Options Surface Water Diversions Surface Water Rights Groundwater Pumping Local Supply Enhancements Storage Options Distribution System Storage Underground Surface Reservoirs Effluent Reuse Reclaimed Wastewater System On-Site Use Water Purification / Potable Use Recharge / Recovery of Effluent Reduce Demand Non- regulatory System Improvements Minimize Waste Leak Detection Metering Customer Programs Educational Programs Incentive Programs Assistance Programs Regulatory Controls Incremental Pricing Drought Restrictions Conservation Ordinances Differential Hook-up Fees Water Shortage

18 Successful Water Management The future will require aggressive action by community leaders including regional cooperation & partnerships; without it, water shortages could become a chronic problem in Arizona. The future will require aggressive action by community leaders including regional cooperation & partnerships; without it, water shortages could become a chronic problem in Arizona.

19 ThinkAZ Publication Ten Steps to Address a Rural Water Shortage published by ThinkAZ Ten Steps to Address a Rural Water Shortage published by ThinkAZ

21 Projected CAP Water Supply Deliveries Potential Surplus Water Assumed Shortage maf maf Possible Surplus >30% Probability Possible Surplus 25-30% Probability Possible Shortage <30% Probability Possible Surplus 25-30% Probability Possible Shortage <30% Probability Shortage Probability >30%

22 Response Options to a Water Shortage Reduce Demand Non- regulatory System Improvements Minimize Waste Leak Detection Metering Customer Programs Educational Programs Incentive Programs Assistance Programs Regulatory Controls Incremental Pricing Drought Restrictions Conservation Ordinances Differential Hook-up Fees Increase Supply Other Water Harvesting Watershed Management Import Water Est. Tech. Adv. Team Temporary Transfers (Leasing) Outright Purchases Dry Year Options Surface Water Diversions Surface Water Rights Groundwater Pumping Local Supply Enhancements Storage Options Distribution System Storage Underground Surface Reservoirs Effluent Reuse Reclaimed Wastewater System On-Site Use Water Purification / Potable Use Recharge / Recovery of Effluent Water Shortage

23 Increase Supply Other Water Harvesting Watershed Management Import Water Est. Tech. Adv. Team Temporary Transfers (Leasing) Outright Purchases Dry Year Options Surface Water Diversions Surface Water Rights Groundwater Pumping Local Supply Enhancements Storage Options Distribution System Storage Underground Surface Reservoirs Effluent Reuse Reclaimed Wastewater System On-Site Use Water Purification / Potable Use Recharge / Recovery of Effluent