BULLSEYE VOCABULARY UNIT 1

Federalism Good Luck on your Test!!!!!!!!!!

A way of organizing a nation so that both national and state levels of government have some authority over the same land and people?

Federalism

Broad program grants given more or less automatically to states and communities, which exercise discretion in how the money is spent?

Block Grants

Grants that can be used only for specific purposes of state and local spending?

Categorical Grants

where state and the national government responsibilities are mingled and blurred like a marble cake; powers and policies are shared?

Cooperative Federalism

Transferring responsibility for policies from the federal government to state and local governments?

Devolution

where states and the national government each remain supreme within their own spheres of power?

Dual Federalism

The statement in the Constitution which says that Congress has the power to make all laws necessary and proper for carrying out its duties?

Elastic Clause

Powers of Congress found in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution?

Enumerated Powers

The Constitution requires each state to return a person charged with a crime in another state to that state for trial or imprisonment?

Extradition

A system of shared power between two or more levels of government?

Federalism

Pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system?

Fiscal Federalism

A type of categorical grant where states and local governments do not apply for a grant but are given funds on the basis of a formula?

Formula Grants

Article IV of the Constitution requires states to provide reciprocity toward other states’ public acts, records, and civil judicial proceedings?

Full Faith & Credit

1824 Supreme Court case which further expanded Congress’ power to regulate interstate and international commerce by defining commerce very broadly to incorporate every form of commercial activity?

Gibbons v. Ogden

Powers beyond Congress’ enumerated powers that ensure that it can carry out its duties?

Implied Powers

A system where all power resides in the central government?

Unitary System

The term used to describe the entire set of interactions among national, state, and local governments?

Intergovernmental Relations

A system where all power resides in decentralized government?

Confederal System

1819 Supreme Court case, which established the supremacy of the national government over the states, included both enumerated and implied powers of Congress?

McCulloch v. Maryland

The Constitution prohibits states from discriminating against citizens of other states?

Privileges and Immunities

Categorical grants awarded on the basis of competitive applications?

Project Grant

Article VI of the Constitution states that the supreme law of the land is the Constitution, the laws of the national government, and treaties?

Supremacy Clause

Specifies that powers not delegated to the national government are reserved for the state government or the people?

10 th Amendment

Powers that are not implied but are specifically written in ink and can be seen with the eyes in the Constitution?

Expressed Powers

No longer exist but had no restrictions at all on how states could spend money from the federal government?

Revenue Sharing

Another name for the Elastic Clause?

Necessary & Proper Clause

Clause that gives National government control over trade between the states; lately expanded to any economic activity?

Commerce Clause

Rule telling states what they must do whether they receive money or not; ex. ADA?

Federal Mandate

A power exercised by both state and national governments?

Concurrent Powers

Nickname for Cooperative Federalism?

Marble Cake Federalism

Nickname for Dual Federalism?

Layer Cake Federalism

The argument that states can refuse to enforce federal laws perceived as unconstitutional?

Nullification

Tug of War argument over the meaning of federalism that eventually caused the Civil War?

State’s Rights vs National Rights

Nickname for Devolution?

New Federalism

State and local officials that form groups to get Federal Grant money?

Intergovernmental Lobby

States must use this to get Categorical Grants?

Matching Funds

Requirements of states by the national government that is not financed?

Unfunded Mandates

Requirements of states by the national government in order to get funds?

Conditions -Of – Aid

Goal of President Reagan’s New Federalism?

Decrease size of National Government

Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court that strengthened the National Government?

John Marshall

Which government has power over drinking ages, marriage, and education?

State

In fiscal federalism, how does the national government wield power over the states?

Through withholding funds

What two things allowed the federal government to influence a national speed limit of 50mph?

withholding funds & Interest groups lobbying Congress (MADD)

Under federalism, an advantage is that states serve to encourage experimentation of create policies. Who adopts these ideas?

The National Government Adopts them

1.Population too dispersed for unitary system 2.Americans loyal to state government 3.Confederation failed 4.Transportation & communication to primitive for unitary

Reasons Federal System was adopted

What federal law gives states the right to disregard same-sex marriages made in other states?

Defense of Marriage Act

The main instrument the national government uses to influence state governments?

Grants-in-aid

The principal type of federal aid for states and localities?

Categorical grants

The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system?

Fiscal Federalism

The most common type of Categorical grant?

Project grants

Grants for specific programs distributed according to community demographic factors, such as population or income?

Formula grants