Life Span Healthy Lifestyle

Defining Development The science of human development… Seeks to understand how and why people change over time.

Life Expectancy “The average number of years a person is expected to live”

Why do some people live longer than other?

Nature Nurture

Which of the following is an example of nature influencing life expectancy? A.The mother smoked while pregnant with the child B.Social-economical status C.The year of birth D.X-Y chromosome anomaly

The Life-Span Perspective Multidirectional Multicontextual Multicultural Multidisciplinary Plasticity

Life expectancy

Why? Why is life expectancy going up?

History of Health Care Early Civilization 1 st med schools – Greece – 600 B.C. – Hippocrates “The Father of western medicine”

Edward Jenner – Father of immunology – Smallpox vaccine

Bacteriology Louis Pasteur – Germ theory – Vaccine advancement

Bacteriology Joseph Lister – Father of Antiseptic Surgery – Hand-washing

Bacteriology Robert Koch – Founder of modern bacteriology – 1 st “Magic-bullets” – Staining

Alexander Fleming – Discovered Penicillin

Antibiotics When was penicillin first available as a prescription drug? A.1868 B.1927 C.1928 D.1939 E.1943

What was the first vaccine available? A.Small pox B.Pertussis C.Diphtheria D.Tetanus E.Polio

What was the first vaccine available? A.Small pox (1796) B.Pertussis (1904) C.Diphtheria (1926) D.Tetanus (1938) E.Polio (1955) 1948 = DPT

Measles (1963) Mumps (1967) Rubella (1969) – MMR (1971) Hepatitis B (1981) Hib (1985) Chickenpox (1996) HPV (2006)

What happened to the small pox vaccine? D/C 1971 – eradicated

Nursing Role Florence Nightingale Clara Barton Dorothea Dix Lillian Wald

Why? Why is the USA not number 1?

Violence plays role in lower U.S. life expectancy Denver Post The Associated Press: 09 January 2013 WASHINGTON — The United States suffers far more violent deaths than any other wealthy nation, due in part to the widespread possession of firearms and the practice of storing them at home in a place that is often unlocked, according to a report released Wednesday by two of the nation's leading health research institutions.

Does “old age” = HEALTH?

Health “A state of complete physical, mental and social (spiritual) well- being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”

Holistic Health LIFE Physical Spiritual Mental Social

Health – Illness continuum

Health Promotion

Empowerment

Small Group Questions Define health, holistic & life expectancy. Describe in general that history of health care. Define nature vs. nurture How have the following people influenced health care? Hippocrates, Jenner, Pasteur, Lister, Koch, Fleming

Healthy Lifestyle

Nutrition Malnutrition – Poor dietary practice due to lack of nutrients Nutritious Diet  – Carbohydrates – Amino acids – Vitamins – Minerals

Chemical Avoidance Alcohol

Chemical Avoidance: Caffeine

Exercise 30 min/day

Stress reduction

Stress “Anything that upsets our psychological or physiological equilibrium”

Stress  Fight or Flight Stress  Adrenal Gland  Adrenalin & Cortisol Fight Or Flight Response

General Symptoms of Stress Respiratory rate –– Blood shunted from – GI Blood directed to – Muscles

General Symptoms of Stress Pupils – Dilate Pain perception –– Heart rate ––

Responses to stress Physiological Emotional Intellectual

General Adaptation Syndrome 1.Alarm Stage 2.State of resistance 3.State of exhaustion Hans Selye

Anxiety “Multisystem response to a stressful situation”

Levels of Anxiety Mild Moderate Severe Panic

Stress  Health SRRS – Social Readjustment Rating Scale

Stress Reduction Techniques 1.Meditate 2.Imaging 3.Breath deeply 4.Focus on NOW 5.Show some love 1.Massage 2.Take a time out 8.Music 9.Attitude break

Disease prevention Primary – Before disease Secondary – Diagnosis Tertiary – Rehabilitation

Mental Health Adjust Cope Contribute Realistic Fluctuates

Emotional Maturity When individuals are able to control their responses and can express their emotions in socially appropriate ways.

Small Group Questions List 5 healthy lifestyle practices. What are Hans Selye’s 3 stages of stress? Describe each stage What is Anxiety? How can you reduce or manage stress? What are the levels of disease prevention? Give an example of each level.

In GAS, what is the second stage? A.Alarm B.Resistance C.Exhaustion D.Adrenaline E.Adaptation

Homework Read – Key words – Learning objectives – Review questions Lecture notes