September 11, 2013 Your Bell Work will be at the end of the hour. Please come in, sit down. I will give you your notes in a minute.

Chapter 1 Section 3 Notes

I. Culture – all the things that make up a people’s entire way of life.

Elements of Culture Social Organization Customs and Traditions Language Art and Literature Religion Forms of Government Economics

most important unit of Social Organization Family most important unit of Social Organization

Common in industrial societies like U.S. Nuclear Family wife, husband, children Common in industrial societies like U.S.

Common in industrial societies like U.S. Nuclear Family wife, husband, children Common in industrial societies like U.S.

Extended Family – Several generations in one household Extended Family – Several generations in one household. Common in many Societies especially farming. May be led by male or female depending on the society

B. Customs and Traditions Laws and rules of behavior. Most are enforced by social pressure. “PEER PRESSURE”

Taboo- something that goes against the social norm

Language Most important element of culture. Language allows us to communicate. Most people who share language, share the same culture.

strengthen a culture’s identity and help pass beliefs and values Arts and Literature strengthen a culture’s identity and help pass beliefs and values Slow and Steady wins the Race!!!!!!! “Tortoise and the Hare”

Religion Many cultures share the same religious beliefs. Religion answers basic questions about the meaning and purpose of life.

Monotheism worship of one God

Polytheism worship of many gods 

Religious differences cause problems around the world.

Religious differences cause problems around the world.

people need government to provide for common needs.

Early governments were simple chiefs

Early governments were simple chiefs

Governments are more complex now:

people have supreme power Democracy people have supreme power

Is the U.S. A Democracy?

Republic People Elect Leaders

Ruler or group holds power by force Dictatorship Ruler or group holds power by force Real Not Real

COMMUNISM

how people satisfy their wants or needs Economic Systems how people satisfy their wants or needs

3 basic questions What to make? How to make it? Who to make it for?

Economic Systems Advantages and Disadvantages Traditional Command Market Advantage Everyone knows what they are suppose to do Little competition People are selfless Disadvantage Nothing new is tried Customs dictate how goods are distributed, so there isn’t much incentive to work hard Advantage Everybody is created equal God for focusing nation on a few, clear economic goals Good for early stages of society when the basic structure is needed Disadvantage Incentives to work are low because the government distributes the wealth Central planning is inefficient because information can never be known Misallocation of resources by the government Reduction or elimination of personal choice Advantage Incentive to work is high because of the benefit to workers Freedom of Choice Private ownership of property Market is quick to adapt to change Disadvantage There will always be unequal distribution of resources Rich and poor The market will only produce goods that are profitable

Mixed economy is an economic system in which both the state and private sector direct the economy, reflecting characteristics of both market economies and planned economies Best of both worlds Government involvement when needed

Traditional – people make or grow what they need “Hunter gatherers”

Market – people produce what they think people will buy.

Command – Government makes all decisions

Mixed – people make some economic decisions and the government makes others

4 Economic Systems Traditional – people make or grow what they need “Hunter gatherers” Market – people produce what they think people will buy. Command – Government makes all decisions Mixed – people make some economic decisions and the government makes others

Bellwork 9/7—On a piece of paper. List and rank the 7 elements of a culture from most important to least important. Explain why you chose your top 3 most important elements.

Which element is the most important to you and why? Social organization Customs and traditions Language Arts and literature Religion Government Economic systems