Water on Earth We know that 70% of Earth is water. What percent of water is freshwater? 3% 97% of water is found in oceans. 2% is frozen in glaciers and ice caps Most of the remaining water is found underground Groundwater Only.01% of water is found in rivers, lakes, etc… Surface Water

Water Availability What do you think the average price for 1000 gallons of tap water in the US is? $2.00! Nearly 1 billion people don’t have access to clean drinking water around the world 2.5 billion do not have adequate sanitation 70% of freshwater is used in agriculture, 90% in fastest growing regions

Where does our water come from? Where is the source of water in Campbell County? Ohio River Alluvium Water is pulled from wells drilled all over the county

Where else can water come from? Rivers Lakes Aquifers Springs Oceans Reservoirs

Why does salt dissolve in water? Polarity

Why does salt dissolve in water?

Desalination Salt Water to Fresh Water 1) Distillation – Process of boiling water to creating water vapor, then cooling water vapor to condense fresh water

Desalination 2) Reverse Osmosis – Mechanical pressure applied to force salt water through semi-permeable membrane

Water Purification Steps to most common form of water purificaton 1) Passing water through a screen to remove any large objects (sticks, weeds, trash) 2) Addition of flocculation agents (aluminum sulfate and calcium hydroxide) to remove small particles (clay or dirt) 3) Passing of water through charcoal and sand to remove any remaining particles 4) Addition of chlorine to kill any microbes 5)Fluoride addition for prevention of tooth decay

Water Purificaton

Other forms of water purification Boiling (will not remove chemicals) Ozone UV light Distillation Water purification tablets or drops (iodine)

Possible Water Contaminants Which government agency is responsible for regulating our water quality? Regulated by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Over 90 regulated contaminants Metal ions such as lead Nitrates Pesticides, industrial run-off Biological contaminants such as microrganisms and viruses

Types of Water Tap Water – Water that comes from treatment plants, comes out of faucet, shower, toilets, hoses, ect…

Types of Water What is the markup of bottled water? How much do you pay vs. how much it cost to bottle? 4,000%!!

Types of Water Spring Water – Original Source is a natural spring. Pure of any contaminants. Does contain minerals Bottled Spring Water comes from same purification process of tap water

Types of Water Filtered water – Tap water that has been run through filter for taste

Types of Water Purified water – Like filtered water, but removes nearly every impurity. Purified water usually comes from a municipal source. Higher purity than tap, filtered, or spring water Sources already meet EPA standards

Types of Water Distilled water – purest of all types of water, nearly no traces of any minerals