Embedded Design with The PPC 440 Processor Core Xilinx Training

Welcome If you are new to Embedded design with Xilinx FPGA’s, this module will explain why you may want to use the PPC 440 processor in the Virtex-5 FX FPGA family Understanding the basics of the PPC 440 processor is essential if you are going to select an appropriate FPGA device family The Embedded Developers Kit software (EDK) is designed to make building a fast embedded design easy

Objectives After completing this module, you will be able to: Explain some of the benefits of the PPC 440 processor Explain how the utilities included with the Embedded Developers Kit (EDK) are optimized for the PPC 440 processor Explain how the Base System Builder makes it easy to make your embedded system

Hardware Overview PPC 440 Base System Builder Summary Lessons

Xilinx Embedded Processor Innovation PerformanceIntegrationFlexibilityFeatures 32-bit RISC Processor Soft Core 32-bit RISC Processor Soft Core PLB46 Embedded Development Kit IP PowerPC 440 Embedded Block with Integrated Interconnect PowerPC 440 Embedded Block with Integrated Interconnect PowerPC® 405 Hard Core Hard Core in Virtex®-II PRO FPGA PowerPC® 405 Hard Core Hard Core in Virtex®-II PRO FPGA PowerPC 405 Hard Core Hard Core in Virtex-4 FX FPGA PowerPC 405 Hard Core Hard Core in Virtex-4 FX FPGA

Supported FPGAs FPGA families –Spartan-3/3A/3AN/3A DSP/3E FPGA (MicroBlaze processor) –Spartan-6 (MicroBlaze Processor) –Virtex-4 FX (MicroBlaze and PowerPC 405 processors) and LX/SX FPGA (MicroBlaze processor) –Virtex-5 FXT (MicroBlaze and PowerPC 440 processor) LX/LXT FPGA (MicroBlaze) –Virtex-6 (MicroBlaze processor)

Embedded Design in an FPGA Embedded design in an FPGA can consist of the following –FPGA hardware design Processor system  MicroBlaze processor (soft core)  PowerPC processor (PPC440 hard core)  PLB or PLB v46 bus  PLB bus components Other FPGA hardware  Peripherals can either be custom made by the user with a Xilinx bus interface or a library of pre-optimized peripherals are available

PowerPC Processor-Based Embedded Design Full system customization to meet performance, functionality, and cost goals UART GPIO Bus Master Hi-Speed Peripheral GB E-Net e.g. Memory Controller PLB v46 Off-Chip Memory ZBT SSRAMDDR SDRAM SDRAM PLB v46 DDR SPLBMPLB TEMAC PowerPC 440 Core Dedicated Hard IP MCI DMA PPC DDR2 Memory Controller

IP Peripherals All are included FREE! Bus infrastructure and bridge cores Memory and memory controller cores Debug Peripherals Arithmetic Timers Inter-processor communication External peripheral controller DMA controller PCI User core template …and Other cores

Hardware Overview PPC 440 Base System Builder Summary Lessons

PowerPC 440 Processor Core  High performance –1,100+ DMIPS –29% faster per MHz than PPC 405 processor  Licensed IBM PPC 440 processor core –Industry standard –Superscalar Multiple instructions per cycle  Uses PLB v46 CoreConnect bus architecture  Third-generation embedded processor core in the FPGA

Next Generation of Performance PowerPC 440 processor core Highest performance FPGA embedded processor Hardened processor interconnect Simpler implementations Simultaneous non-blocking access Dedicated memory interface reduces bottlenecks Enhanced APU Supports double-precision FPU w/ key OSs Custom hardware acceleration eliminates software bottlenecks Full EDK support More than just a better processor! Processor Block CrossbarCrossbar DMADMA DMADMA SPLB1SPLB1 DMADMA DMADMA MCIMCI MPLBMPLB DCRDCR APUControlAPUControl CPMCPM PowerPC PowerPC SPLB

PowerPC Processor – Basic Architecture A 32-bit implementation of the PowerPC processor –64-bit operations are not supported –Processor does not implement floating point operations, although an FPU can be attached through the APU Support for embedded system applications –Flexible memory management –Multiply and accumulate instructions for computationally intensive applications –Enhanced debug capabilities –64-bit time base –Fixed Interval Timer (FIT) and watchdog timer Performance-enhancing features –Seven-stage highly pipelined –Single cycle multiply and multiply accumulate –Enhanced string and multiple word handling –Reduced branch latency using Branch Target Address Cache (BTAC)

Auxiliary Processing Unit (APU) Interface Virtex-5 FXT devices Coprocessor interface –Connects the PowerPC processor to fabric –Offload computations to fabric; hardware FPU, for example Extends native PPC440 processor instruction set Decodes but does not execute instructions Tighter integration between processor and fabric

Buses 101 Bus masters have the ability to initiate a bus transaction Bus slaves can only respond to a request Bus arbitration is a three-step process –A device requesting to become a bus master asserts a bus request signal –The arbiter continuously monitors the request and outputs an individual grant signal to each master according to the master’s priority scheme and the state of the other master requests at that time –The requesting master samples its grant line until granted access. When the current bus master releases the bus, the master then drives the address and control lines to initiate a data transaction to a slave bus agent. Arbitration mechanisms –Fixed priority, round-robin, or hybrid

PPC 440 Processor Bus Example PPC440 DMA MCI SPLB MPLB INTC TEMAC DDR2 Memory Controller MicroBlaze GPIO UART IIC Hi-Speed Mem Ctl INTC DMA Data: 32 bits PLBv46 Bus Data: 128 bits Address: 32 bits MCI Data: 128 bits APU Ethernet SDRAM DDR2 Memory (off-chip) PLBv46 ARB PLBv46 ARB To MPLB

PPC 440 Crossbar DMA –Four channels – Up to four 32-bit channels (each direction) –Scatter/gather functionality MCI – Memory Controller Interface –FIFO-like interface; no PLB required –Simplified interface: address, data, control PLB master –Allows the PPC 440 processor to be a bus master PLB slave – Up to two channels –Allows PLB slave access to main memory APU – Coprocessor interface

Crossbar DMA Controller Multiple-channels – Up to four 32-bit channels (each direction) Interface into PLB crossbar at 128-bit width Peripheral interface –32-bit LocalLink –Independent transmit and receive –Asynchronous with the interconnect clock Byte realignment on Tx and Rx Efficient flow control management –Command translation Scatter/gather functionality Programmable by the processor or FPGA fabric

Memory Controller Interface Enables direct connect of memory controller to processor Increased performance –FIFO-like interface; no PLB required –Simplified interface: address, data, control Performs row/bank detection –Reducing soft controller logic Provides transaction pipelining –Up to eight read transactions from the crossbar Data transaction support –32-, 64-, and 128-bit data transfer per cycle –Variable burst sizes –Each burst has its own address Connect to Xilinx or a custom soft controller

Crossbar in Action Processor Block CrossbarCrossbar DMADMA DMADMA SPLB1 DMA MCIMCI MPLBMPLB DCR APU Control APU Control CPM PowerPC PowerPC SPLB0 Separate memory and I/O buses greatly improve system performance Performance PLB V46 CAN USB 2.0 System Monitor GPIO External DDR2 Memory PPC440MC DDR2 Memory Controller Interface

EDK Memory Controllers External DDR2 Memory PPC440MC DDR2 Memory Controller Interface PLB V46 XPS_ BRAM BRAM XPS_MCH _EMC SRAM MPMC SDRAM XPS_ System Ace System ACE System ACE MPMC DDR XPS_MCH _EMC Flash Processor Block CrossbarCrossbar DMADMA DMADMA SPLB1 DMA MCIMCI MPLBMPLB DCR APU Control APU Control CPM PowerPC PowerPC SPLB0

Crossbar in Action – TEMACs as Masters Processor Block CrossbarCrossbar DMADMA DMADMA SPLB1 DMA MCIMCI MPLBMPLB DCR APU Control APU Control CPM PowerPC PowerPC SPLB0 TEMACTEMAC TEMACTEMAC WrapperWrapper WrapperWrapper Integration Performance Four built-in DMA channels provide high-speed access to memory or I/O PLB V46 CAN USB 2.0 System Monitor GPIO External DDR2 Memory PPC440MC DDR2 Memory Controller Interface

PowerPC 440 Processor Crossbar in Action Processor Block CrossbarCrossbar DMADMA DMADMA SPLB1 DMA MCIMCI MPLBMPLB DCR APU Control APU Control CPM PowerPC PowerPC SPLB0 TEMACTEMAC TEMACTEMAC WrapperWrapper WrapperWrapper External DDR2 Memory PPC440MC DDR2 Memory Controller Interface PLB V46 CAN USB 2.0 System Monitor GPIO Flexibility External masters can access memory or I/O through crossbar’s SPLB IntegrationPerformance I2C GPIO Timer Memory Controller RS232 Custom IP PLB V46

Hardware Overview PPC 440 Base System Builder Summary Lessons

Many vendors support evaluation and demo boards with Xilinx FPGAs –Xilinx –Avnet –Digilent Base System Builder (BSB) is a wizard to facilitate a fast processor-based system design by high abstraction, level- specification entry Starting out with a Processor Design Virtex®-5 FPGA ML507 Spartan-3E FPGA 1600E Spartan®-6 SP605 FPGA

Create a New Project Using the BSB BSB enables fast design construction –Creates a completed platform and test application that is ready to download –Creates this system faster than you could by editing the MHS directly –Automatically matches the pinout of the design to the board The Set Project Peripheral Repository option is used for storing custom peripherals and drivers in a reserved location

Selecting a Board Xilinx and its distribution partners sell demo boards with a wide range of added components –This dialog box allows you to quickly learn more about all available demo boards –It also allows you to install the necessary BSB files if you want to target a demo from another vendor –Note that you can also create your own BSB file for a custom board

Selecting a Processor  Base System Builder supports a single- or dual-processor system

Configuring the Processor Processor clock frequency is the clock rate connected directly to the processor Bus clock frequency is the clock rate of all bus peripherals in the system These selections will automatically customize the clock generator module The appropriate debug interface is added automatically

Configuring the I/O Interfaces Choose the peripherals you need from those available for your demo board Peripherals can be added or removed Most peripherals are customizable via drop- down lists when selected Most peripherals support the use of interrupts Internal peripherals exist for all board hardware configurations

A Good Start on a Processor Design Basic PowerPC processor system Basic MicroBlaze processor system

Hardware Overview PPC 440 Base System Builder Summary Lessons

Summary The PPC 440 processor crossbar switch speeds system performance utilizing an alternative architecture (to bus) that is 128-bit wide –The crossbar clock is usually the fastest in the embedded system –All other embedded clocks are relative to the crossbar clock (bus, memory, DMA) The PPC 440 processor supports the attachment of one master PLB bus (for connection to slave peripherals) and two slave PLB buses (for connection to other system master components) The PPC 440 processor has a Memory Controller Interface (MCI) –Allows the fastest memory access possible by connecting to a Xilinx memory controller The PPC 440 processor has four DMA controller ports The PPC 440 APU supports co-processors built in FPGA fabric

Where Can I Learn More? Xilinx Embedded Processing page – –Learn more about Embedded Design Kits for all of our device families Xilinx online documents – Getting Started with the Embedded Development Kit Processor IP Reference Guide  Right-click any peripheral from the IP Catalog to learn more about it Embedded Systems Tools Guide Xilinx Drivers Processor reference guides  PowerPC 405/440 Processor Block Reference Guide  MicroBlaze Processor Reference Guide For all docs, select Help  EDK Online Documentation from the EDK tools

Where Can I Learn More? Xilinx Training Courses – Embedded Systems Development course  Rapidly architect an embedded system  Introduction to most of the EDK tools Embedded Systems Software Development course  Rapidly architect an embedded software system  Introduction to the SDK (Software Development Kit) Advanced Embedded Systems Development course  Take advantage of advanced features of the PPC440  Apply advanced debugging techniques including ChipScope  Design a Flash memory-based system and boot load from off-chip Flash memory Customers spend 50% of their time in lab

What’s Next? Related Video Courses –Embedded Design with the MicorBlaze Soft Processor Core –Embedded Design with the Xilinx Embedded Developers Kit

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