ART AND THE AP EXAM

THE RENAISSANCE

ITALIAN RENAISSANCE Perspective Geometric structure Humanism Individualism –Individual artists –Portraits Private patrons Tension between religious and secular Landscapes Classic Themes in painting, sculpture, architecture –Influence of Greece and Rome Religious Themes (often painted in Renaissance time)

EXAMPLES

Massacio Note persepctive

DA VINCI ST ANNE

Arnolfini Marriage: Portrait—Marriage Contract—Signs he was a businessman Presence of artist in mirror—Dog=fidelity

THE BAROQUE The Renaissance continues Add: Art of Counter Reformation Art of Spain Passion Classic Themes Velasquez El Greco

ST PETERS BASILICA HOW DID IT LEAD TO LUTHER’S REFORMATION?

HOW DOES “THE CREATION” EMBODY HUMANISM, IDEAS OF FREE WILL AND RELIGIOUS THEMES?

EL ESCORIAL: HOW DOES IT REFLECT THE VALUES OF PHILLIP II?

EL GRECO VIEW FROM TOLEDO

WHO WAS THE SPANISH COURT FAVORITE? GRECO OR VELASQUEZ?

ART OF THE NETHERLANDS 17 th CENTURY Smaller houses=smaller pictures Scenes of everyday life with a message The fragility of life in the Netherlands (Low Lands Historical paintings, portraits Rembrandt, Vermeer Renaissance themes and values

THE NIGHT WATCH 1642REMBRANDT ON GUARD AGAINST THE ENEMY WHO WOULD THAT BE IN 1642

REMBRANDT: ARISTOTLE CONTEMPLATING THE BUST OF HOMER? WHAT RENAISSANCE-HUMANISTIC VALUES ARE REFLECTED HERE

VERMEER: DELFT WHAT DOES THIS TELL US ABOUT LIFE IN 17 th c. NETHERLANDS?

VERMEER: ASTRONOMER AND GEOGRAPHER WHAT DOES THIS SAY ABOUT 17 th c. DUTCH?5

MEANWHILE—IN FRANCE AND ELSEWHERE PETER PAUL RUBENS GIVES THE “NEW MONARCHS” THE LOOK THEY LIKE

Rubens: THE LION HUNT

Caravaggio teaches us about light/dark and contrast SUPPER AT EMMANUS

AGE OF LOUIS XIV

VERSAILLES Compare to El Escorial

THE HALL OF MIRRORS REFLECTED WHOSE IMAGE HOW DOES THIS PLAY INTO ABSOLUTISM?

LOUIS XIV and the SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION SCIENCE and STATE BUILDING

Louis XIV as Sun King

ART OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY GENRE PAINTINGS –Continuing the Dutch idea of painting everyday life –Art of the Enlightenment-the values of the Enlightenment –Return to classical (Greco-Roman) themes

Chardin What can you surmise about this individual?

Fragonard THE READER

DAVID: OATH OF THE HORATII How did this picture reflect the ideals and problems of France in 1784 Clue: Concept of dying for Republic

ROMANTICISM late 18 th and most f 19 th depending where you were Reaction to Age of Reason

19 th C. ROMANTICISM Emotion rules over reason Fascination with middle ages Nature as “natural” Beginnings resistance to Renaissance rules of perspective Man in nature Fascination with “things oriental” (inspired by Napoleon in Egypt and later, especially when France takes over North Africa Mixes in with nationalism, realism

ARTISTS AND OTHERS Art: INGRES, DELACROIX, GERICAULT,COURBET (realistic), FRIEDRICH, TURNER, CONSTABLE

NINETEENTH CENTURY ART TO 1870ish

DELACOIX LIBERTY LEADING THE WAY (1830 Revolution)

Massacre at Chios Europeans Support the Revolution in Greece Shows weakness of Metternich system. HOW?

REALISM” COURBET FUNERAL AT ORNAIS REAL PEOPLE IN REAL TIME

IMPRESSIONISM Influence of photography—capturing a moment in time Light as a subject of art (long influential but perhaps never a subject on its own) Breakdown of traditional ideas of perspective Parallels the French Rev and Industrial Rev and breakdown of tradition structures as they are replaced by new ones

IMPRESSIONISM continued Subjects are “real” places/people in “real” time; Scenes are often in the countryside but more often than not are records of ‘city life” Short lived but influential; gives rise to many other movements and finally modern art Important artists: Manet, Monet,Morisot (woman); Degas, Lautrec

MONET Gare St. Lazare How did the steam engine and railways change European life in the late 19 th century (post 1860)

HOW DOES THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION CHANGE THE LANDSCAPE? Painting by MONET

RENOIR: Moulin de la Galette What is Renoir telling us about the working class in this painting?

DEGAS: THE IRONERS Who are these women? How do they tell us about late 19 th century women?

CHANGING PERSPECTIVES BEGINNING OF MODERN ART CEZANNE

HOW DOES CEZANNE CHALLENGE RULES OF PERSPECTIVE?

CEZANNE: CARD PLAYERS HOW DOES CEZANNE CHALLENGE US VISUALLY AND INTELLECTUALLY HOW DOES HE FIT IN TO LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY REALITY?

MODERN ART HOW DO PICASSO AND BRAQUES BUILD ON TRADITION AND CHALLENGE IT HOW DO THEY REFLECT A BREAKDOWN OF TRADITIONAL FORMS IN THE LATE NINETEENTH AND EARLY 20 th CENTURIES

CUBISM Pre WWI

Picasso: Demoiselle d”Avignon

Bracques Paintings/collage with Picasso CUBISM

PIERRE MATISSE

THIS IS BY NO MEANS DEFINITIVE BUT IT SHOULD GIVE YOU SOME IDEA OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ART AND THE TIMES