Chapter 2:Principles of Design History of Floral Design

History of Floral Design Flower arranging is a work of ___. We follow certain guidelines to properly arrange flowers so that they become a “work of art”. These guidelines are called _________ _________

Basic laws _________, _________ or methods of _________ that have been tested and proven for many centuries.

Arrangements Judged by these _________ Tools that will guide in planning and evaluating arrangements.

Concepts of floral design Two concepts developed independently of each other. _________– evolved in _________ and Middle Eastern Cultures Further developed by the _________

Egyptian Period _________ BC Arranged _______ rows of different colored flowers in shallow bowls _______ tables were often decorated with fruits and vegetables neatly piled in low baskets

Egyptian Period Several flowers were considered _________, symbolizing Egyptian Gods and Goddesses _________ and _________ were placed in elaborate vases, bowls and jars

Ancient Greeks _________ BC Did not arrange flowers in vases, _________ _________ on tables and on the streets Flowers were used to make _______ and ________ worn during special occasions. Presented as awards to athletes, statesmen and soldiers.

Ancient Greeks The _________ (_________) was filled with fruits and vegetables Placed in an _________ position rather than on its side as done today

Romans _________ AD Continued the customs of the ______ Arrangements and usage became more _________ Scattered _________ on banquet tables and on the floor

Romans Scarves filled with blossoms were offered at an altar in Roman Religious Ceremonies _________ and Garlands became more elaborate

Byzantine Period _________ AD Arrangements of cut flowers used again Formal _________ designs with clusters of blossoms at regular intervals

Middle Ages _________ AD Very little is known about floral designs of this time period _________ were used in medicines and fruits and vegetables and fruits were used for eating Flowers were often _________ on altars and seen in Persian rugs

Renaissance _________ AD Beautifully documented in paintings Designs were _________, tall, pyramidal, and ________ balanced

Renaissance Flower arrangements were loose, _________ and airy Formal bouquets featured the most important flower situated _________, at the top of the bouquet, with other flower heads turned _________.

Renaissance Flowers were arranged so that they were about _________ the height of the container _________ colors were used to create contrast with the white plastered walls of buildings Several _________ floral designs of today are styled after renaissance arrangements

Baroque Period Began as _________, oval shaped designs _________ curves in the shape of a crescent or an “s” were adopted later The “__” curve and _________ arrangements developed during this period are popular today

Baroque An _________ of flower types and colors were used together Arrangements incorporated a variety of accessories such as _________ and butterflies

Flemish-style _________ AD Beautifully captured by _______ painters Traditional baroque styles were ______ _______ - not as loose and open Better proportioned and more compact

Flemish style ____ colors and an array of flowers were combined into masses, oval shape bouquets. The French developed mass arrangements during the same time that were lighter and more airy than those of the Dutch. Arrangements were made from ______ flowers in light pastel colors.

Georgian period _________ A.D. Time period that spanned the reigns of the English kings George I and George II Arrangements were greatly influenced by _________ arts. Usually _________ and _________ shaped.

Georgian period Usually _________ and _________ shaped. Many featured a _____ flower type. Designs moved away from formality and symmetry in the late part of the period.

Georgian period _________, or handheld bouquet became stylish Many featured a single flower type. Designs moved away from formality and symmetry in the late part of the period. _________, or handheld bouquet became stylish Small nosegay bouquets placed in bowls were the first use of table centerpieces as we know them today.

_______ period Georgian art influenced the decorative arts in _________ America. ____ shaped and ________ arrangements were made and sometimes placed the center of interest near the rim of the container.

Georgian period _________, ivy, and magnolia were used with garden flowers in the summer _________, cones, greens with fruit were used during the winter along with dried flowers.

_________ period 1820-1914 A.D. Flowers were fashionable but designs were rather _________. _________ proportioned Large amounts of flowers _________ into a container to create a compact arrangement

Victorian period Usually _________ with no focal point. Many different flower types and colors used, arrangements looked _________. _________ for flower arranging were established toward the end of the Victorian period.

_________ Style Began in _________ Later explored by the _________ Began in _________ where Buddhist priests scattered branches and stem on altar or placed them in pottery urns.

_________ Style Modified by the _________ during the first century A.D. Arranged flowers in massive _________ vessels Felt it was improper to place flowers carelessly on the altar. Created _________ arrangements _________ colors were favored.

Oriental Style Usually large and s _________ with one or two types of foliage and flowers placed around a central branch. _________ were used at outer portions of design, _________ ones kept nearest the base.

Oriental Style Sixth Century A.D. _________ adopted many aspects of the Chinese culture, including floral arrangement. Japanese priest named _________ refined the art. His instruction was sought by other Buddhist priests. Began the first school of floral art in Japan which bears his name.

Oriental Style Name later changed to Ikebana which means “giving life to the flowers.” Many schools of Japanese flower arrangements have evolved from this original one, the basic principles can be traced back to Ikenaba.

Oriental Style Japanese designs are characterized by _________ use of plant material and careful placement of branches and flowers. Each _________ and _______ has meaning. This type of arrangement became known as “_________”

European Style Generally _________, _________ or oval mass of flowers Flower placement is not _________ dictated as in oriental design Known as _____ arrangements

European Style Most floral designs in the US are referred to as “line mass” and combine _________ and _________ ideas American floral design uses more materials than the _________ but far fewer than the _________ US floral design is often built around linear patterns, showing the _________ influence.