Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan

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Presentation transcript:

Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan The Mongol Leaders Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan

The Mongols The Mongols lived in the outer reaches of the Gobi Desert in what is now Mongolia. They were a loosely organized group of nomadic tribes. They worshipped a group of nature gods ruled by a sky god.

Genghis Khan Born in the 1160s Name at birth was Temujin Father was a poor noble in his tribe 1206 – elected Ghengis Khan which means “Universal Ruler”

Military Expert He organized the Mongols into a powerful military force through drafts and taxes. His small army (less than 120,000 men) conquered far larger armies He is considered one of the greatest military thinkers in history.

The Mongol army consisted of the best trained horsemen in all of human history. Could hit targets with precision at a full gallop Organized troops into decimal units (10’s, 100s, 1000s, 10,000s) Communicated by hand signals

Fearsome Fighters Genghis Khan was ruthless towards people who resisted his army. If a town fought back, he would kill every inhabitant upon his victory. When news of his tactics spread, towns would surrender as soon as the Mongols showed their faces.

The Mongolian Empire Under Genghis Khan the empire was perhaps the largest in human history. It extended from: Poland to Siberia (west to east) Moscow to the Arabia peninsula (north to south)

Genghis Khan Dies When GK died (1227), he had just conquered Beijing. The Mongols conquered all of N. China in 1241. After the death of GK, the empire was divided into 4 khanates ruled by a separate khan and over-ruled by a Great Khan. Kublai Khan was a grandson of Genghis Khan. In 1260, he became Great Khan.

Kublai Khan in China Kublai Khan moved his capital from Mongolia to Beijing. In 1271, he decided to set himself up as emperor of China and created a dynasty name for his family, “Yuan”. Within a few years, he had conquered the southern parts of China.

Kublai Khan’s Capital KK moved his capital near Beijing and built a magnificent palace complex called Dadu. He used Arabic, Mongolian and Chinese architecture. It also contained nomadic tents and playing fields to practice horsemanship. The Dadu showed that the Mongolians wanted to stay separate from the Chinese. It was a sanctuary of Mongolian culture. Mongolians refused to learn the Chinese language.

Fall of the Yuan Dynasty Yuan dynasty lasted from 1264 to 1368. After the death of KK, his son was too weak to keep dynasty in power. Two groups rebelled: The Mongols in Mongolia thought the khans had become too Chinese The Chinese felt the Mongols were bandits and were offended by their unwillingness to adopt the Chinese culture.