Infectious and Non- Infectious Diseases (What are they, how are they caused, how are they treated and how can we prevent them)

Pathogens (infectious)  Organisms that cause disease  Bacteria  Viruses  Fungi  Protozoan  Parasites

Bacteria vs. Viruses  Simple, single celled  Air, soil, food, and in plants and animals  Most are not disease causing  The ones that do, enter cells and damage them with toxins  Can be cured by antibiotics  Smallest pathogens  100x smaller than bacteria  Multiple when living in cells  Cannot be cured by medicine, only reduces the symptoms

How are they spread?  Contact with an infected person  Contact with contaminated object  Contact with animal  Contact with environment sources

How does the body fight them off?  The immune system  Phagocytes (white blood cells: eat up foreign cells)  Inflammation = the bodies response  defenses-  Skin, sweat, hair, mucous membranes, cilia,

Immune System: What is it and How does it work?  Lymphatic system  Lymphocytes B and T cells (white blood cells)  Fights off infection  Produce antibodies  Vaccines (immunization schedule)

Stages of Diseases  1. Incubation (entry to when you feel sick)  2. Prodomal (first symptoms)  3. Acute (most severe)  4. Recovery (start feeling better)  5. Convalescence (end of sickness and feeling better)

Treatment  Over the counter medicine  Reduce symptoms  Medical Care  Go to doctor  Antibiotics (kill bacteria)  No cure for viral infections  Rest, well balanced diet, and plenty of fluids

Prevention  Eat a well-balanced diet  8 hours of sleep  Exercise  Avoid stress  Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs  Do not share toothbrush, cup, etc  Wash hands!  Check immunizations

Common diseases  Cold  Influenza  Pneumonia  Rubella  Hepatitis  Tuberculosis  Mono (kissing disease)

STI’s  Types:  Parasitic, Bacterial, Viral  Ex: Crabs, gonorrhea, Chlamydia, herpes, HPV, etc.  How they are transmitted  Genital-genital contact  Sexual contact  Mother to baby  Treatment- antibiotics, some no cure  Prevention (healthy choices, contraception)

HIV/AIDS  Transmission  blood to blood  Fluids  Mother to baby  Sexual contact  Treatment- medicine  Prevention  Abstinence  Condoms

Non-Infectious Disease and disabilities  Cardiovascular disease  Cancer  Diabetes/arthritis  Disabilities  Eating disorders  Mental diseases

Cardiovascular Disease  Types:  High blood pressure  Atherosclerosis  Coronary artery disease  Congestive heart failure  Stroke

Preventing Cardiovascular disease  Do not smoke and if you do, quit.  do not drink  Exercise regularly  Healthy diet and avoid obesity  Control blood pressure Uncontrollable Factors: - age, family history, gender, race

Treating Cardiovascular Disease  Similar to prevention  Surgery  medication

Cancer  Types of Cancer:  skin, lung, oral, colon/rectal, breast, reproductive, leukemia/lymphoma, etc  What causes cancer?  Carciogens: being exposed to cancer causing agents

Treating and Preventing Cancer  Prevention:  Avoid tobacco and alcohol  Protect yourself from the sun (spf)  Healthy diet and exercise  Avoid unnecessary x-rays and radiation  Regular check-ups  Treatment:  radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy

Diabetes (type I and type II)  A disease in which the body’s ability to use blood sugar (glucose-energy) is impaired  Insulin-  a hormone produced by the pancreas that stimulates body cells to take up and use blood sugar

Type I  Insulin dependant  More serious  Produces little or no insulin  Glucose levels remain high  Appears during childhood

Type II  Produce enough insulin, but their body cells do not respond normally to insulin  Occurs later in life  Symptoms:  Hard to heal infections, thirsty, frequent urination, nausea, hunger, irritability, tired, itching, blurred vision, and numbness in hands and feet.  Causes:  Family history, being overweight, and lack physical activity

Disablities  Physical  Impaired sight, hearing or mobility (cerebral palsy, spina bifida, cystic fibrosis)  Mental  Downs syndrome, autism, aspergers syndrome, learning disabilities, emotional disabilities, ADD, ADHD,etc Acceptance and awareness!!

Eating disorder  Anorexia nervosa  Deliberate self-starvation  Bulimia nervosa  Binge and purge  Binge eating disorder

Mental disease  Depression  Schizophrenia  Bipolar disorder  insomnia  Social phobias  OCD