Chapter 5 The Periodic Table

Unit 2 Chapter 5 Day 1 Do Now: Ancient Names for the Elements Today: OBJECTIVE: Describe the arrangement of elements in the Periodic Table. Identify properties across groups and families Do Now: Ancient Names for the Elements Today: Homework Check and Review Atomic Basics Review Chapter 5 - Periodic Table Notes Homework: Read Chapter 5.1 & complete 5.1 GRWS Advertise-the-Elements project Due Wed 4/1

Unit 2 Chapter 5 Day 2 OBJECTIVE: Describe the arrangement of elements in the Periodic Table. Identify properties across groups and families Do Now: Interpreting the Periodic Table Today: Homework check/ review 5.1 GRWS Finish Periodic Table Notes DVD Field Trips – Chapters 4 & 5 Homework: Read Chapter 5.2 and complete 5.2 GRWS Advertise-the-Elements project Due Wed 4/1

Unit 2 Chapter 5 Day 3 OBJECTIVE: Describe the arrangement of elements in the Periodic Table. Identify properties across groups and families Do Now: Word Wise Chapter 5 Today: Homework check/ review 5.2 GRWS Class read Chap 5.3 and GRWS Notebook and Project check - individual The Element Song (s) Homework: Periodic Table poster cards Advertise-the-Elements project Due Wed 4/1

Unit 2 Chapter 5 Day 4 OBJECTIVE: Describe the arrangement of elements in the Periodic Table. Identify properties across groups and families Do Now: Who Am I? Today: Homework check/ review 5.3 GRWS Periodic Table Element Challenge Assemble Periodic Table Poster Homework: Advertise-the-Elements project Due Wed 4/1

Unit 2 Chapter 6 Day 5 OBJECTIVE: Demonstrate knowledge of the arrangement , and properties across groups and families, of the elements in the Periodic Table. Do Now: Turn in Do Now #4/5 (__pages) Today: Finish Periodic Table Poster Great Discoveries with Bill Nye Homework: Chapter 4 & 5 Quiz TOMORROW ORGANIZE and Prepare NOTEBOOK

Unit 2 Chapter 5 Day 6 OBJECTIVE: Demonstrate knowledge of the arrangement , and properties across groups and families, of the elements in the Periodic Table. Do Now: Turn in Advertise the Element Project Today: QUIZ (Open Notebook) – Chapters 4 & 5 Turn in Notebook when done ( __ pages) Homework: Current Events – 5 seconds

The Periodic Table of Elements Chapter 5 Question:  What Letter Is not Found in the Periodic Table? Answer: The letter "J“ . Note that the letter "Q" does not appear in any official element names. However, temporary element names, such as ununquadium, do contain this letter.

What is the Periodic Table? It is an organizational system for elements. Pre-periodic table chemistry was a MESS!

Who created it? In 1869, Russian chemist Dimitri Mendeleev proposed arranging elements by atomic weights and properties. The table contained gaps but Mendeleev predicted the discovery of new elements. (He was right!)

Mendeleev’s Table Recorded properties of 63 elements Physical properties Atomic mass Chemical properties Density Valence power (how it bonds) Color Melting point

The Modern Periodic Table So how is it arranged? The genius of the periodic table is that it is organized like a big grid. The elements are placed in specific places because of the way they look and act. Elements are put in tows by increasing ATOMIC NUMBER Horizontal Rows = Period Labeled 1 to 7 Vertical columns = Groups Labeled from 1 to 18

You've got Your Periods... Even though they skip some squares in between, all of the rows go left to right. When you look at a periodic table, each of the rows is considered to be a different period (Get it? Like PERIODic table.)

Periods = Rows In the periodic table, elements have something in common if they are in the same row. All of the elements in a period have the same number of atomic orbitals. Every element in the top row (the first period) has one orbital for its electrons. All of the elements in the second row (the second period) have two orbitals for their electrons. It goes down the periodic table like that.

And you got your groups… The periodic table has a special name for its columns, too. When a column goes from top to bottom, it's called a group.

Groups = Columns The elements in a group have the same number of electrons in their outer orbital. Elements in a group have similar chemical and physical properties. Every element in the first column (group one) has one electron in its outer shell. Every element on the second column (group two) has two electrons in the outer shell. There are some exceptions to the order when you look at the transition elements, but you get the general idea.

Other than periods and groups, the table is divided into FAMILIES Other than periods and groups, the table is divided into FAMILIES. -Families have names not numbers -May be in one column or spread across several columns

ALKALI METALS 1st column (NOT Hydrogen) very reactive metals, always combine withsomething else (like salt NaCl) malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity. can explode if they are exposed to water From www.science-class.net

ALKLINE EARTH METALS 2nd column Reactive metals that are always combined with nonmetals in nature Several are important mineral nutrients (Ca and Mg)

TRANSITION METALS Groups 3-12 Less reactive and harder metals Used in jewelry and construction (as “metal”) iron, cobalt, and nickel, are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field.

The chemistry of fireworks: Sodium produces yellow/gold colors. Barium creates green, copper compounds produce blue, strontium salts give you red and titanium metals give you silver colored sparks.

RARE EARTH ELEMENTS Many are man-made

HALOGENS (HALIDES) Elements in Group 17 Very reactive, volatile, non metals "halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called "salts"

NOBLE GASES Elements in Group 18 Very Unreactive - do not form compounds easily Happy/Inert Elements (Full valance/outer shell – 8 electrons)

Two ways to look at the right side of the periodic table…. Other Metals, Metalloids and NonMetals Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen families

OTHER METALS are ductile and malleable are solid, have a high density, (1) Other Metals, Metalloids and NonMetals OTHER METALS are ductile and malleable are solid, have a high density,

Gallium (symbol Ga and atomic number 31) has a melting point of temperature of 29.76 °C (85.57 °F), which is slightly above room temperature. If you hold it in your hand long enough, it will start to melt.

METALLOIDS (1) Other Metals, Metalloids and NonMetals have properties of both metals and non-metals some of the metalloids are semi-conductors. This means that they can carry an electrical charge under special conditions. This property makes metalloids useful in computers and calculators

NON-METALS not able to conduct electricity or heat very well (1) Other Metals, Metalloids and NonMetals NON-METALS not able to conduct electricity or heat very well very brittle Do not reflect light. From www.science-class.net

Boron Family Elements in Group 13 B, Al, Ga, In, Tl (2) Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen families Boron Family Elements in Group 13 B, Al, Ga, In, Tl FYI: Aluminum was once considered rare and expensive and not a “disposable” metal

Carbon Family Elements in Group 14 C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb (2) Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen families Carbon Family Elements in Group 14 C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb Contains elements important to LIFE and Computers Carbon is the basis for an entire branch of chemistry (Organic Chemistry) Silicon and Germanium are important semiconductors

Nitrogen Family Elements in group 15 N, P, As, Sb, Bi (2) Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen families Nitrogen Family Elements in group 15 N, P, As, Sb, Bi Nitrogen makes up over 78% of our air/atmosphere Nitrogen and Phosphorus are important to life The red stuff on the tip of matches is phosphorus

Oxygen Family Elements in group 16 O, S, Se, Te, Po (2) Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen families Oxygen Family Elements in group 16 O, S, Se, Te, Po Oxygen necessary for respiration in animals Many stinky things contain sulfur (rotten eggs, garlic, skunk oil, etc.)

Which elements had complete outer shells Which elements had complete outer shells? Give the name and symbol for each. ________________ _____ ________________ _____ ________________ _____ What do you notice about the location of these elements? Helium He Neon Ne Argon Ar The elements are in the same column at the far right side of the table.

What do you notice about the location of these elements? 2. Which elements had only one valence electron? Give the name and symbol for each. ________________ _____ ________________ _____ ________________ _____ What do you notice about the location of these elements? Hydrogen H Lithium Li Sodium Na The elements are in the same column at the far left side of the table.

Na Mg  Al  Si  P  S  Cl  Ar 3. What do you notice about the number of valence electrons as you move from left to right across a row or period in the periodic table? Na Mg  Al  Si  P  S  Cl  Ar Na – 1 Mg – 2 Al – 3 Si – 4 The number of valence electrons increases by one as you move across each column.

4. What do you notice about the number of energy levels or shells as you move down a group or column in the periodic table? H  Li Na H – 1 Li – 2 Na - 3 The number of energy levels increases by one as you move down each row.

*5. Write the name of each family at the top of the columns on your PERIODIC TABLE POSTER using the following information. Alkali Metals - 1 valence electron Alkaline Earth Metals - 2 valence electrons Boron Family - 3 valence electrons Carbon Family - 4 valence electrons Nitrogen Family - 5 valence electrons Oxygen Family - 6 valence electrons Halides - 7 valence electrons Noble Gases - Complete outermost shell

Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Boron Family Carbon Family Nitrogen Family Oxygen Family Halides Noble Gases 6. What do you notice about the location of the elements in each family? The elements in each family are in the same columns.

7. In what family would you classify hydrogen? Explain. Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Boron Family Carbon Family Nitrogen Family Oxygen Family Halides Noble Gases ? 7. In what family would you classify hydrogen? Explain. Alkali Metals – Hydrogen has only one valence electron so it could be classified with the alkali metals. OR Halides – Hydrogen only needs one more valence electron to fill its outer shell so it could be classified with the halides.

8. In what family would each of these elements be classified? Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Boron Family Carbon Family Nitrogen Family Oxygen Family Halides Noble Gases 8. In what family would each of these elements be classified? Radium - _____________________ Tin - ________________________ Iodine - _____________________ Cesium - _____________________ Alkaline Earth Metals Carbon Family Alkali Metals Halide

9.Predict the number of valence electrons for each element based on its location in the Periodic Table Barium = ____ Lead = _____ Bismuth = ___ Potassium = _____ 2 4 5 1

What do all the numbers mean ? From www.science-class.net