The Gold Rushes of the 1860s How significant was the impact of the gold rushes on New Zealand, as a growing nation? 1

Introduction: The Situation 2

Introduction: Revision Activity Breaks Please look to the Resource Sheet in front of you… 3

Introduction: At the end of the Lesson Prize winner: most successful William Historical ideas -New Zealand’s economy comprised of sustainable and unsustainable industries -The demography of New Zealand underwent dramatic change during the gold rushes -The gold rushes were part of a world-wide phenomenon, and saw the use of a range of technologies -The race to find gold in New Zealand attracted various races of people 4

New Zealand’s economy comprised of sustainable and unsustainable industries Early New Zealand Potatoes and pigs were popular items traded by Maori. A scene from North Cape. Whales were prized for their oil, baleen and ambergris. 5

New Zealand’s economy comprised of sustainable and unsustainable industries Types of Industries Sustainable: those industries which make use of a resource, without depleting or damaging it, for long term use. Unsustainable: those industries which make use of a resource, but in a way that depletes or damages so to comprise its use for the long term. So where does gold fit in? 6

Activity One: Sustainable vs. Unsustainable Do now Get up from your desks! Move to one of the four areas set up around the classroom. You can choose to ‘mine’ in either Thames, Marlborough, the West Coast, or Otago. Instructions for the activity Are on the activity sheet. 7

The demography of New Zealand underwent dramatic change during the gold rushes Resources and Settlement 8

The demography of New Zealand underwent dramatic change during the gold rushes Numbers YearMaoriPakeha , ,0002, , ,520254,928 9

The demography of New Zealand underwent dramatic change during the gold rushes North Island vs. South Island Most Maori lived in the North Island. Two-thirds of Maori lived north of Lake Taupo. 57% of Pakeha lived in the North Island in % of Pakeha lived in the South Island in % of Pakeha lived in the North Island in North Island regained its dominance, and it has remained this way since. 10

Activity Two: Population Distribution Do now Get up from your desks! Move to one of the four areas set up around the classroom. You can choose to ‘mine’ in either Thames, Marlborough, the West Coast, or Otago. Instructions for the activity Are on the activity sheet. 11

The gold rushes were part of a world-wide phenomenon, and saw the use of a range of technologies Major Gold Rushes 1) 1852: Charles Ring makes first discovery of payable gold. 2) 1861: Gabriel’s gully almost instantly becomes a canvas town – the first gold rush. 3) 1862: 40kg deposit of gold made by Irish Christopher Reilly and American Horatio Hartley. Major rush to Dunstan. Thames Marlborough 1864 West Coast Otago

The gold rushes were part of a world-wide phenomenon, and saw the use of a range of technologies Types of Gold Mining Alluvial - v for rivers (Small scale) -Picks -Shovels -Cradles -Sluice-boxes -Little capital Cradle Sluice-box 13

The gold rushes were part of a world-wide phenomenon, and saw the use of a range of technologies Types of Gold Mining Alluvial - v for rivers (Large scale) -Dams -Hydraulic power (flumming) -Companies raised capital and used wage labour 14

The gold rushes were part of a world-wide phenomenon, and saw the use of a range of technologies Types of Gold Mining Quartz – r for rocks (Large scale) -Machinery and technology needed to drive mines and break up rock -Began in Thames in Used in Reefton in Partnerships and companies set up, with the ability to pay workers. Quartz mining’s long-term nature meant it typically led to more permanent settlement 15

The gold rushes were part of a world-wide phenomenon, and saw the use of a range of technologies Alluvial or Quartz? Dillmanstown, West Coast 16

Activity Three: Alluvial vs. Quartz Mining Do now Get up from your desks! Move to one of the four areas set up around the classroom. You can choose to ‘mine’ in either Thames, Marlborough, the West Coast, or Otago. Instructions for the activity Are on the activity sheet. 17

The race to find gold in New Zealand attracted various races of people European Miners 18

The race to find gold in New Zealand attracted various races of people Maori Miners Hori Watene described gold as a ‘curse’, because it raised Pakeha interest in their lands. 19

The race to find gold in New Zealand attracted various races of people Chinese Miners ‘Mr Punch’s Welcome’, Otago

Activity Four: Impacts of Gold Do now Get up from your desks! This is our last activity. Move to one of the four areas set up around the classroom. You can choose to ‘mine’ in either Thames, Marlborough, the West Coast, or Otago. Instructions for the activity Are on the activity sheet. 21

Prize Winner: Most Successful William Do now Total up the amount of gold nuggets you collected out of 40. And the most successful William was… Thank you for your concentration for this lesson! 22

Bibliography Slide 4, left image: ‘Maori bargaining with a pakeha’ - Economy - Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. (n.d.). Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved July 6, 2012, from Slide 4, right image: Trade - TREATY 2 U. (n.d.). TREATY 2U. Retrieved July 6, 2012, from british/trade/index.htmhttp:// british/trade/index.htm Slide 5, image: Central Otago Gold | discover New Zealand's goldmining history. (n.d.). Our Story | Central Otago, New Zealand | Explore New Zealand's most beautiful landscape. Retrieved July 6, 2012, from gold_idl=2_idt=279_id=1344_.htmlhttp:// gold_idl=2_idt=279_id=1344_.html Slide 5, quote: Gold mining and sustainability: A critical reflection. (n.d.). Encyclopedia of Earth. Retrieved July 6, 2012, from Slide 6, image: Central Otago Gold | discover New Zealand's goldmining history. (n.d.). Our Story | Central Otago, New Zealand | Explore New Zealand's most beautiful landscape. Retrieved July 10, 2012, from gold_idl=2_idt=279_id=1344_.htmlhttp:// gold_idl=2_idt=279_id=1344_.html Slide 13, left image: Historic Placer Mining Technologies, The Rocker or Cradle. (n.d.). Nevada Outback Gems. Retrieved July 11, 2012, from Slide 13, right image: Prospecting for Gold. (n.d.). wut2 | Welcome to the world of adventure-Activities-News and much more. Retrieved July 11, 2012, from 23

Slide 14, image: Dillman Town, by James Ring, ca. 1870s. Alexander Turnbull Library. 1/ F | Services to Schools. (n.d.). Services to Schools | Supporting literacy and learning. Retrieved July 11, 2012, from sources/gallery/free-use-gallery/dillman-town-james-ring-ca-1870s- sources/gallery/free-use-gallery/dillman-town-james-ring-ca-1870s- Slide 16, image: OurSpace. (n.d.). OurSpace. Retrieved July 11, 2012, from Slide 18, images: Walrond, C. (n.d.). Miners’ origins - Gold and gold mining - Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved July 11, 2012, from Slide 19, image: Mere pounamu, Hauraki tribes - Pounamu – jade or greenstone - Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. (n.d.). Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved July 11, 2012, from Slide 20, image: Mr Punch’s welcome - Gold and gold mining - Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. (n.d.). Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved July 11, 2012, from Chinese mining legacy: New Zealand Historic Places Trust Pouhere Taonga. (n.d.). Home: New Zealand Historic Places Trust Pouhere Taonga. Retrieved July 19, 2012, from Ethnic Minorities « Gold in New Zealand. (n.d.). Gold in New Zealand. Retrieved July 11, 2012, from Gardner, P. (n.d.). Gold Mining in 19th Century New Zealand. M GOLD, AGRICULTURE, PASTORALISM and TIMBER. Retrieved June 11, 2012, from Langton, G., Taylor, B., & Hasler, J. B. (2000). Year 13 history, New Zealand in the 19th century: study guide. Auckland, N.Z.: ESA Publications. Please note: Any image which is not referenced was obtained via the ClipArt tool from Microsoft PowerPoint 24