Unit 6

The Monroe Doctrine (1821)  Russia was expanding into the Americas  Spain was looking to expand in Latin and South America  James Monroe  “America was closed to colonization”  Colonization threatens U.S peace and safety

Imperialism /colonialism  Empire building  Aquiring lands for resources for their industries and to establish markets for their manufactured goods  Asia, Africa  By 1867 U.S had claimed small islands in the Pacific for coaling stations for ships and naval stations for their war ships  Midway Island, Samoan Islands

For Imperialism  Duty of the U.S to introduce Democracy, Education and Christianity to “savage” peoples  Advance other races  Become a major economic and military power

Against Imperialism  Taking over a nation or people is “un- american”  Self-determination (decide their own fate)  Incite war with other powers

Why did the U.S go to war against Spain in 1898 and why was the outcome significant?

Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst  Newspaper publishers of the World and New York Journal exaggerated news stories about Spanish cruelty toward the Cubans in order to sell more newspapers.

Cuban Revolt  Cubans rose up against Spanish rule in the late 1800’s and many were imprisoned in reconcentration camps. Thousands of Cubans died from disease and starvation

Yellow Journalism  The exaggerated style of newspaper reporting during the 1890’s that helped influence public support for war with Spain

Trouble brewing in Cuba  Cubans wanted independence from Spain  Spanish crushed revolt and forced many Cubans into unsanitary prisons  Thousands died from disease and starvation

 Americans supported rebellion  Americans feared unrest would hurt their investments in Cuba  Yellow journalism – exaggerated news stories stirred public support for intervention in Cuba Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst

DeLome Letter  Spain writes a letter calling President McKinley weak further angering Americans.

U.S.S Maine incident  American war ship is destroyed in Havana Harbor in Cuba and Americans blame Spain

Yellow Journalism ignites war  Newspapers publish exagerated articles about Cuban re-education camps  Published de Lome Letter and blame Spain for USS Maine explosion in Havana harbor  This arouses public support for a war against Spain  Congress declares war in 1898

Rough Riders  American fighting force led by Theodore Roosevelt

Navy Seals

San Juan Hill  Famous battle in Cuba between the Spanish and American armies. American victory helped end the war.

Yellow Fever and Malaria  Deadly jungle diseases that killed hundreds of American soldiers

A “Splendid Little War” with Spain  U.S destroys Spanish navy and captures Puerto Rico  5,500 U.S soldiers killed

 This cartoon shows the recent U.S. acquisitions of such territories as Puerto Rico and Hawaii, making poor Uncle Sam……..

On July 1, the war in Cuba heated up as General Shafter’s troops charged Spanish forces at both San Juan Hill and Kettle Hill. By nightfall, the Rough Riders, led by Theodore Roosevelt, had defeated Spanish forces at Kettle Hill. Meanwhile, the U.S. Navy had attacked every Spanish ship at Santiago, causing the city to surrender. Despite these victories, we must not lose sight of the fact that American lives have been lost. About 5,500 Americans have died as a result of this war, mostly due to disease.

Platt Amendment  allowed U.S to intervene in Cuban affairs,  control the economy  set up military base.  U.S owned 60% of Cuban land and industry

Why did the U.S send soldiers to fight in Cuba and the Philippines?  To assist an ally of the U.S  To stop human rights abuses  To acquire resources  To gain territory  To gain power  To improve national security  To spread or protect American values and moral beliefs (Democracy, Christianity)  To protect democracies from tyrannical governments

U.S investments in Cuba valued at $50 Million Dollar

Guantanamo Bay

Do you think the U.S was justified in sending troops overseas?

Cuba under U.S control  Improvements to education and farming  improved public health (yellow fever)  Stable government  People lacked self-rule

Did the U.S promote or hinder the ideals of opportunity and democracy?

As a result of the Spanish American War the U.S became a world power  U.S military was a force to be reckoned with  U.S had oversees possessions in Cuba, Guam and the Philippines that provided necessary raw materials for industry, new places to trade American goods and locations for military bases

 Anti-Imperialism- expansionism is against the principles of freedom and democracy  Imperialists – expansionism necessary for improved wealth and security of America

This cartoon shows the recent U.S. acquisitions of such territories as Puerto Rico and Hawaii, making poor Uncle Sam too fat for his current clothes. President McKinley, his tailor, seems only too happy to fit Uncle Sam with new garments, more suitable to a nation growing larger by the year. Some visitors from the Anti-Imperialist League are encouraging him to drink “anti-expansion medicine” that may bring him back to his normal size. However, with the new lands gained by the Spanish-American War, and with the Platt Amendment giving America more control over Cuba, it seems unlikely Uncle Sam will slim down any time soon.