Research Meeting R4 김경원. 2004 년도 현재 연구 상황 Micropapillary carcinoma of thyroid  Clinical and pathological review  Braf V599E mutation analysis Role of.

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Research Meeting R4 김경원

2004 년도 현재 연구 상황 Micropapillary carcinoma of thyroid  Clinical and pathological review  Braf V599E mutation analysis Role of H 2 O 2 generation and its effect of thyroid hormone synthesis and damage of thyrocyte  TSH 에 의한 catalase, GPx, PRx 변화  TSH 에 의한 H 2 O 2 생산의 변화

Proliferation of thyroid cell TSH mediated, cAMP-dependent PKA In WRT (Winstar rat thyroid) cell, microinjection of PKA inhibitor partially inhibited TSH induced DNA synthesis  TSH mediated, cAMP-independent PKA  TSH mediated, cAMP-dependent MAPK (small G-protein Rap1, and B-Raf are involved) Molecular Pharmacology 2001, 60 (5)

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase

Raf protein and cancer 30% of human tumor : mutations in one of the 3 Ras genes (KRAS>> NRAS, HRAS)  KRAS : ↑ level of Ras.GTP  active ERKs pancreas adenocarcinoma, colon ca, lung adenocarcinoma In mammals : A-raf, B-raf, raf-1(c-raf, c- raf-1) No RAF1 mutation were detected in cancer cell lime (Davies et al. Nature 417(2002) ) Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2003, 1653,25-40

Raf proteins and cancer BRAF gene mutation :  melanoma (75%), colon cancer (15%)  may not be actual cause of the cancer  Prerequisite for development of tumor Cancer studies identified B-Raf rather than Raf-1 as more important of the Raf proteins for mediating Ras effects and for activating MEK/ERK BRAF and KRAS are equivalent in their tumourigenic effects Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2003, 1653,25-40

B-RAF B-Raf : highly restricted expression in neuronal tissue, other in the testis, spleen BRAF gene mutation  melanoma (70%), colon cancer (15%), ovarian cancer, thyroid cancer  most frequent site 599 : Val(V)  Glu (E)  ↑kinase activity in vitro  Induce constitutive activation of ERK  G1/S transition of the cell cycle through regulation of the expression of cyclin D and E

Micropapillary thyroid cancer 갑상선 암 조직 파라핀 고정 조직의 사용이 가능한 환자 방법 : DNA extraction (QIAGEN ® )and PCR B-RAF V599E 돌연변이 분석 후 이와 임상 결과와 비교 예정

Micropapillary thyroid cancer 대상  1970 년 부터 2004 년  서울대병원, 분당 서울대 병원, 보라매병원에서 수술 받은 환자  의무기록 리뷰를 통한 후향적 연구  병리학적 소견과 임상 소견 ( 진단 시 연령, 성별, 경과 ) 분석  100 명 구축 (200 명 예정 )  Sample : 갑상선 암 frozen tissue : 20 여개 (SNUBH) 파라핀 고정 조직 : 100 명 (SNU)

Tissue Array 갑상선 조직 : BRMH & SNUH  Normal, adenoma, PTC, PMC, FC, AC, HT Tissue array 제작, immunohistochemistry Screening  PTC vs PMC  Follicular Carcinoma vs Adenoma

2004 년도 현재 연구 상황 Micropapillary carcinoma of thyroid  Clinical and pathological review  Braf V599E mutation analysis Role of H 2 O 2 generation and its effect of thyroid hormone synthesis and damage of thyrocyte  TSH 에 의한 catalase, GPx, PRx 변화  TSH 에 의한 H 2 O 2 생산의 변화

Thyroid hormone synthesis

H2O2H2O2 Produced by a Ca 2+ dependent NADPH oxidase Electron acceptor in the TPO-catalyzed iodination of thyroglobulin  Key control point in hormonogenesis Potent inducers of apoptosis

Degradation of H 2 O 2 In FRTL-5 cells, TSH increase the exogenous H 2 O 2 degradation rate (nmol/mg DNA) (Björkman et al. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 111(1995)) GPx is involved in the low H 2 O 2 (100umol/L) Catalase is required at high H 2 O 2 (mmol/L) Eur J Endocrinology 2004, 150,

Degradation of H 2 O 2 2 GPx in thyroid tissue, active in cytosol  Cytosolic GPx(GPx 1)  phospholipid hydroperoxide GPx(GPx 4)  More important than catalase  단기간에 많이 생성된 H 2 O 2 를 제거하는 데는 불충분  Se deficiency  necrosis and fibrosis of thyroid gl Catalase enclosed in the peroxisomes  Not directly accessible at the site of H 2 O 2 production Peroxiredoxin Eur J Endocrinology 2004, 150,

Role of Peroxiredoxin Prx I :  expression is stimulated by TSH and H 2 O 2 and MMI (Kim et al. J Biol Chem 2000,275, )  thyroid tumor (Cancer Lett Oct 18;145(1-2):127-32) Prx II :  also called TSA (thiol specific antioxidant)  expression is NOT stimulated by TSH and H 2 O 2 and MMI (Kim et al. J Biol Chem 2000,275, )  TSH regulate TSA mRNA (Kim et al. Cell Physiol Biochem 2001,11, )  may eliminate cytosolic H 2 O 2 in resting and TSH-stimulated thyroid cell ?

Autoimmune Thyroid disease 다른 기관에 생기는 자가면역질환은 세포 파괴나 기능저하와 관련 그레이브스병은 TSH receptor antibody 를 통한 갑상선 기능 항진증을 유발 자가항체가 많이 생기는 이유가 혹시 H 2 O 2 를 많이 생성하는 것과 관련이 있을 가능성 은 ?

연구 내용 및 방법 갑상선 세포에서 H 2 O 2 생성 측정법  Amplex Red H 2 O 2 Assay kit  Fluorometer using DCHF 갑상선 자극 호르몬 양에 따른 H 2 O 2 제거 효소 변화 관찰  TSH 를 제거한 5H, F12 배지에서 FRTL-5 cell 를 키운 후 Prx 양을 측정 (Western blot)  TSH deficient media 에서 다시 TSH 를 공급하였 을 때 시간에 따른 Prx 의 변화

esterase 2’7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCHF-DA) 2’7’-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) H 2 O 2, OH - Cell

Cell preparation for H 2 O 2 FRTL-5 cell Cells were shift to 5H5 media, after incubation in this medium, TSH were added Incubated in Krebs-Ringer solution + DCHF-DA

Cell preparation for Prx 5H5 F12 5H5 F12 5H5 F12 5H5 F12 5H5 6H5 TSH 5H5 6H5 TSH days

Western Blotting Cell lysis Concentration 측정 (BCA, microplate) Cell sample preparation Electrophoresis Membrane Transfer Primary antibody (1: :6000) incubation Exposure

Western Blotting Actin Prx I 5H 6d F12 5H6d F12 6H0.5 5H6d F12 6H1d 5H6d F12 6H1.5 5H6d F12 5H1.5 5H6d F12 TSH0.5 5H6d F12 TSH1.5 5H6d F12 TSH1.0

Western Blotting Actin Prx I 5H 6d F12 5H6d F12 6H0.5 5H6d F12 6H1d 5H6d F12 6H1.5 5H6d F12 5H1.5 5H6d F12 TSH0.5

갑상선 세포의 성장 신호 전달 체계 ss cAMP AC  Cellular Growth & Proliferation TSH/TSAb Cytokine STAT P P P JAK PKA PKC Shc Ras/MAPK PI3K PLC IP 3 +DAG  qq JAK/STAT IRS IGF-1/insulin

성장인자에 따른 갑상선세포에 미치는 영향 1 st incub. 2 nd incub. 0 0TSH 00 IGF-1 TSH IGF-1 TSH Relative DNA synthesis IGF-1EGFInsulinControl TSH * Immunoblotting : anti-Shc TSH 에 의해 변화된 세포 내 물질의 시간에 따른 변화 (preconditioning) 는 다른 성장인자에 의한 세포 증식 조절에 매우 중요한 역할을 담당 TSH 및 여러 성장인자 자극 후 세포내 물질의 변화는 성장 인자에 따른 다양한 반응 양상을 설명 가능

TSH 수용체 성장신호전달 체계에서 중요한 역할을 담당하는 S6K1 을 S6K1 특이 - 억제제인 rapamycin 을 이용하여 억제한 후 유전자의 변화를 살펴봄으로써, S6K1 의 주요 하부 신호 전달 체계를 규명 이상의 microarray 를 이용한 유전자의 발현 양상의 비교 분석은 갑상선 세포 성장기전 연구의 방향 설정에 중요한 정보를 제공할 것으로 기대됨 cAMP, PKA Gs AC p85 p110 Thyrocyte proliferation Regulation of follicle activity TSH Receptor PI3K S6 Cyclin D1 Bcl xL ICAM-1 VEGF STAT3 Tumor Suppressor (p53, MDM2) Akt/PKB S6K1 mTOR rapamycin PDK-1

연구 목적 1) FRTL-5 갑상선 세포에서 TSH 자극 후 시간에 따른 2) TSH, IGF-1, insulin 등 성장 인자의 종류에 따른 3) 갑상선 세포에서 TSH 자극에 의한 중요한 성장신호전달 체계인 S6K1 활성 유무에 따른 갑상선 세포의 유전자 발현 양상의 변화를 살펴봄으로써, 갑상선 세포의 증식조절기전의 연구의 방향을 제시하고, 궁 극적으로는 갑상선종의 발생 기전 연구의 토대를 마련하고 자 함

실험 방법  세포 : normal rat thyroid cell-line (FRTL-5 cell) 세포배양조건 : 6H5 - 5H5 - 3H0.5 o/n - 3H0.5 + 조건 control 조건 : 3H0.5  실험 조건 TSH 자극 시간 변화 : 6, 24, 48, 72h (x3) 성장인자 종류 : TSH, IGF-1, insulin, 24h (x2) S6K1 억제 : Rapamycin, TSH+Rapa, TSH, 6h (x2) 1월1월 2월2월 3월3월 4월4월 5월5월 6월6월 RNA 준비 : 연구자 cDNA chip 실험 : 인간유전체연구소 자료분석 : 인간유전체연구소

Normalization, Transformation & Identification of Differential Expressed Gene (DEG)

TSH 처리시간에 따른 유전자 발현의 분포 및 변화 경향 분석 Gene (DEG)12h ∩ 24h24h ∩ 48h Upnumber17 difference Downnumber314 difference 12h vs. 24h : 서로 다른 종류의 유전자 발현 24h vs. 48h : 비슷한 유전자 발현 양상 (24h 에서 DEG 는 48h 에서도 모두 DEG) 발현 정도는 시간에 따라 감소 12 h 24 h 48 h Up11745 Down221428

TSH 처리시간에 따라 발현하는 유전자 규명 및 그 변화 양상과 상호 관계 분석 Gene (DEG)12h24h48h Up Casein kinase 1 gamma 3 isoform Chondrotin sulfaye proteoglycan 6 etc ??? (unknown gene) Regulator of G-protein signaling 8 Similar to phosphoprotein enriched astrocytes 15 Rab 38, cyclin G1, MAP kinase 14 casein kinase 1 gamma 3 isoform, IFNg inducible protein 1 Nestin, NF kappa B p105 subunit, syntenin, etc Down Aggrecan 1, myosin iE, p21-activated kinase 1 BMP 4, BMP receptor type 1A, etc Cyclin dependent kinase-4 MAP kinase-activated protein kinase2, PIPPin protein fatty acid binding protein 4, GABA transporter protein Nucleoside phophorylase, splicing factor VT521-B, etc CD151, cytochrome oxidase subunit Vic Homeo box, msh-like 1

향후 계획 분석 완료 후, 통계적으로 의미 있는 발현 변화를 보인 유전자 의 identification 유전자 발현 변화 확인 실험 : RT-PCR, Southern blot 등 발현의 변화가 확인된 유전자의 functional assay, 상호관계 분 석 갑상선 세포 증식 기전 연구의 중심 item 설정  TSH 의 작용 기전과 다른 성장인자들과의 상호작용에 따른 갑 상선 세포의 증식 기전 연구의 방향 설정