Scalable and Robust Video Encoding for Real-time Communication Samah A. Senbel Advisor Advisor: Dr. Hussein Abdel Wahab

Outline F Introduction & Motivation F Background F A new Image Encoding Technique F Quadtree-based Video Encoding Technique F Octree-based Video Encoding Technique F Differential Octree-based Video Encoding Technique F Experimental results

Introduction & Motivation The Requirements for a real-time encoding technique are : l Good Compression Ratio l Simplicity l Scalability l Robustness l Ease of decoding

Introduction & Motivation We developed these 4 Encoders: l Quadtree-based Image Encoder l Differential Quadtree-based Video Encoder l Octree-based Video Encoder l Differential Octree-based Video Encoder

Scalability

Why do we need Scalability? l Heterogeneous Receivers l Low-bandwidth communication Distant Learning Mobile hosts l Dealing with network traffic l Better error control

Background (Quadtree)

Vector Quantization

Overview of the Image Encoding Technique

Step 1: Mean removal

Step 2: Generate Quadtree

Step 3: Vector Quantization l The Quadtree data is then COMPRESSED using vector quantization l Each level is encoded independently to reflect its importance.

Decoding Technique l Perform reverse vector quantization (table look up) l Convert from Quadtree to array l Add the means image

Experimental results Robustness

Experimental Results Robustness at 20 % loss

Differential Quadtree Encoding Technique

Test Videos

Compression results

Scalability

Robustness

Octree

The Octree Video Encoding Technique

Encoding Technique

Compression(1) MissA Encoded at 16 Kbps

Compression(2) Football Encoded at 16 Kbps

Robustness

Differential Octree Encoding Technique

Summary Main Objective: Design a Video Encoder with these properties: Good Compression Scalability Robustness Ease of Decoding

Summary We developed these 4 Encoders: l Quadtree-based Image Encoder l Differential Quadtree-based Video Encoder l Octree-based Video Encoder l Differential Octree-based Video Encoder