Schizophrenia.

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Presentation transcript:

Schizophrenia

What is schizophrenia? A group of disorders characterized by confused and disconnected thoughts, emotions, and perceptions Not a problem of emotion, but rather one of cognition A class of disorders marked by disturbances in thought that spill over to affect perceptual, social, and emotional processes Literally means “split minds”- term devised by Eugen Bleuler in 1908. Prior to this it was called dementia Not two separate personalities but a split between the intellectual and emotional parts of a singular personality

How common is schizophrenia? It affects about 1 in 100 people worldwide May not sound like a lot but it is about 4 million people However, the odds increase to 1 in 10 if schizophrenia is already in the family

What are the symptoms? Irrational thought and delusions (false beliefs that a person maintains in the face of contrary evidence) Distorted perception; Hallucinations (perceptions that have no direct external cause; occur in the absence of real, external stimulus) Deterioration of Adaptive behaviour (example: personal hygiene) Disturbed emotion; disturbances of affect (may show inappropriate emotional responses)

Types of schizophrenia Paranoid type Catatonic Type Dominated by delusions of persecution, along with delusions of grandeur. They may think they have enemies and be suspicious Believe themselves to be important people Common form of schizophrenia Marked by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity tor random motor activity Remain motionless for long periods

Types of schizophrenia Disorganized type Undifferentiated type Severe deterioration of adaptive behaviour Prominent symptoms: emotional indifference, frequent incoherence, and virtually complete social withdrawal, hallucinations, giggling for no apparent reason Encompasses the basic symptoms of schizophrenia such as hallucinations, delusions, inappropriate emotions, and thought disorders Fairly common

What are the causes of schizophrenia? Biological influences: Genetics 10% chance if it is in your family, 46% chance if both parents have the disorder Neurochemical factors: Changes in the activity of one or more neurotransmitters Excess dopamine activity has been implicated as a possible cause of schizophrenia (dopamine hypothesis) Structural abnormalities of the brain: Often show signs of signs of deteriorated brain tissue and sometimes enlarged brain ventricles

What are the causes of schizophrenia? Family and Interactions: Bad experiences during childhood Family communication and expression of emotions Defective interpersonal communication during childhood Stress Triggers schizophrenia in individuals that are vulnerable to the disorder

Treatment of schizophrenia Management of schizophrenia depends largely on medications (antipsychotic drugs) and on psychosocial interventions (therapy) No single approach is widely considered effective for all patients

Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjqRYgICgdU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMHnx2LDUfQ&NR=1&feature=endscreen http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8mTaMiwqbI