Chapter 31: America on the World Stage, By: Sally Jacobson and Jonaki Singh

“Little Brown Brothers” in the Philippines  Filipinos weren’t granted freedom after Spanish American War  February 4, savage war b/n U.S. & Phil.  Philippines defeated & McKinley appoints Taft as head of the Philippine Commission  McKinley’s “benevolent assimilation”- included improvements of roads, sanitation, and public health, a good education system, and economic ties through sugar  July 4, Philippines gains independence  Filipinos weren’t granted freedom after Spanish American War  February 4, savage war b/n U.S. & Phil.  Philippines defeated & McKinley appoints Taft as head of the Philippine Commission  McKinley’s “benevolent assimilation”- included improvements of roads, sanitation, and public health, a good education system, and economic ties through sugar  July 4, Philippines gains independence

John Hay Defends China (and U.S. interests)  Countries like Japan, Russia and Germany moved into China after > America worried about Chinese imperialism & manufacturers feared Europeans would dominate Chinese markets  John Hay issues Open Door Policy (other countries have to respect Chinese rights and idea of fair competition  Countries like Japan, Russia and Germany moved into China after > America worried about Chinese imperialism & manufacturers feared Europeans would dominate Chinese markets  John Hay issues Open Door Policy (other countries have to respect Chinese rights and idea of fair competition

Hinging the Open Door in China  super-patriotic group called the “Boxers” killed many foreigners--> Boxer Rebellion  Hay declared Open Door Policy would embrace China’s territorial and commercial integrity  super-patriotic group called the “Boxers” killed many foreigners--> Boxer Rebellion  Hay declared Open Door Policy would embrace China’s territorial and commercial integrity

Kicking “Teddy” Roosevelt Upstairs  McKinley was a shoe in for the Election of 1900 b/c he led the U.S. through a war, acquired rich real estate, est. the gold standard, and brought prosperity  Theodore Roosevelt was nominated as V.P. so he wouldn’t pose an authority problem  William Jennings Bryan- Dem. Candidate- supported silver standard & anti-imperialism  Main issue during election was Republican overseas imperialism  McKinley was a shoe in for the Election of 1900 b/c he led the U.S. through a war, acquired rich real estate, est. the gold standard, and brought prosperity  Theodore Roosevelt was nominated as V.P. so he wouldn’t pose an authority problem  William Jennings Bryan- Dem. Candidate- supported silver standard & anti-imperialism  Main issue during election was Republican overseas imperialism

Imperialism or Bryanism in 1900?  McKinley & Republicans supported imperialism and gold standard; Bryan was anti-imperialism & supported silver standard  “Bryanism”- Bryan would destroy U.S. prosperity with free-silver policy  McKinley won election of 1900  McKinley & Republicans supported imperialism and gold standard; Bryan was anti-imperialism & supported silver standard  “Bryanism”- Bryan would destroy U.S. prosperity with free-silver policy  McKinley won election of 1900

TR: Brandisher of the Big Stick  September 1901-McKinley is assassinated & TR takes over  Roosevelt disregarded checks and balances system  Roosevelt felt he could take action that wasn’t specifically forbidden in the Constitution  September 1901-McKinley is assassinated & TR takes over  Roosevelt disregarded checks and balances system  Roosevelt felt he could take action that wasn’t specifically forbidden in the Constitution

Colombia Blocks the Canal  Spanish-American War--> need for canal through Central America, however:  Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850)- US couldn’t gain exclusive control over a route for the canal  Hay-Pauncefot Treaty- gave US free hand to build and fortify canal  Colombia protested building canal-->US waged treaty which gave 6 mile wide zone for perpetuity in exchange for $10 mil. & annual $250,000  Colombia rejected treaty--> TR built canal w/o Colombian consent  Spanish-American War--> need for canal through Central America, however:  Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850)- US couldn’t gain exclusive control over a route for the canal  Hay-Pauncefot Treaty- gave US free hand to build and fortify canal  Colombia protested building canal-->US waged treaty which gave 6 mile wide zone for perpetuity in exchange for $10 mil. & annual $250,000  Colombia rejected treaty--> TR built canal w/o Colombian consent

Uncle Sam Creates Puppet Panama  Panamanians feared US would build canal along Nicaraguan route--> protested  Bunau-Varilla leads successful revolt  Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty- gave US control of 10-mile-wide around Panama Canal in exchange for $40 million  Panamanians feared US would build canal along Nicaraguan route--> protested  Bunau-Varilla leads successful revolt  Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty- gave US control of 10-mile-wide around Panama Canal in exchange for $40 million

Completing the Canal and Appeasing Colombia  Rape of Panama--> downfall in relations w/ Latin America  TR’s “Big Brother Policy”- claimed he had received “mandate from civilization” to build canal & Colombia had wronged US by not letting itself be benefitted by canal  construction of Panama Canal began  construction completed; $400 mil. spent  Rape of Panama--> downfall in relations w/ Latin America  TR’s “Big Brother Policy”- claimed he had received “mandate from civilization” to build canal & Colombia had wronged US by not letting itself be benefitted by canal  construction of Panama Canal began  construction completed; $400 mil. spent

TR’s Perversion of Monroe Doctrine  Countries like Venezuela and DR were in debt to European countries--> TR feared that if European nations got involved in Lat. Am., they would stay there & violate Monroe Doctrine  Roosevelt Corollary of the Monroe Doctrine- US could pay LA debt to keep European nations out of LA  “Bad Neighbor” Policy- LA countries hated US for intervening  Countries like Venezuela and DR were in debt to European countries--> TR feared that if European nations got involved in Lat. Am., they would stay there & violate Monroe Doctrine  Roosevelt Corollary of the Monroe Doctrine- US could pay LA debt to keep European nations out of LA  “Bad Neighbor” Policy- LA countries hated US for intervening

Roosevelt on the World Stage  war b/n Japan & Russia broke out b/c Russia refused to withdraw troops from Manchuria & Korea  Japan was defeating Russia until supplies ran low--> asked TR to sponsor peace  TR made agreement in which Japan got no compensation for losses & received southern 1/2 of Sakhalin  TR received Nobel Peace Prize, but relations w/ Japan and Russia deteriorated b/c both felt robbed by agreement  war b/n Japan & Russia broke out b/c Russia refused to withdraw troops from Manchuria & Korea  Japan was defeating Russia until supplies ran low--> asked TR to sponsor peace  TR made agreement in which Japan got no compensation for losses & received southern 1/2 of Sakhalin  TR received Nobel Peace Prize, but relations w/ Japan and Russia deteriorated b/c both felt robbed by agreement

Japanese Laborers in California  Japan lifted ban on emigration--> thousands of Japanese were recruited to work in CA-->faced racism  San Francisco school board segregated Chinese, Japanese, & Korean students & Japanese were insulted  “Gentlemen’s Agreement”- CA repealed segregation & Japan agreed to stop flow of immigrants  Root-Takahira Agreement- US & Japan pledged to respect each other’s territorial possessions  Japan lifted ban on emigration--> thousands of Japanese were recruited to work in CA-->faced racism  San Francisco school board segregated Chinese, Japanese, & Korean students & Japanese were insulted  “Gentlemen’s Agreement”- CA repealed segregation & Japan agreed to stop flow of immigrants  Root-Takahira Agreement- US & Japan pledged to respect each other’s territorial possessions