Progressivism By: Leanne O’Reilly

WHAT IS PROGRESSIVISM? Progressivism arose from the vast changes of Industrialization Child centered Education that focused on students interests Learning is active rather than passive Life is evolving in a positive direction Humans are social animals

Taxpayers Consumers & Employees Parents & citizens Progressivism

American History during Progressivism FDR’s “New Deal”, the three “R’s” Muckrakers Monopolies Woman Suffrage and the 19thammendment Roosevelt's Corollary

The Progressive Era End of WW1 to the end of WW11 Progressive movement was intended to improve the quality of American life Progressive Education Association (1919) Greed Individualism corruption compassion humanism and equality John Dewey’s Laboratory Schools (1896)

Progressive strategies Teach students that knowledge that is true in the present, may not be true in the future Teachers give students a lot more freedom without losing structure Teachers are guides or resources rather than task maskers

Opposite Philosophies Lets Compare! Lets Compare! Progressivism Perennialism Child centered Education Truth in present may not be truth in future Based on students Students experience Teachers are the focus Truth never changes Based on knowledge Drills, curriculum centered Opposite Philosophies

John Dewey (1859-1952) philosopher, psychologist and educational reformer School and Society (1889) The Child and the Curriculum Schools did not promote growth and exploration Founded the school of “pragmatism” Schools should focus on judgment, rather than knowledge Children learn as if they are scientists The most recognized leader of the Progressive Movement

John Dewey’s Model of Learning: 1. Become aware of the goal 2. Define the objectives 3. Propose hypotheses to achieve the goal 4. Evaluate the consequences of the hypotheses from one’s past experience 5. Test the most likely solution “Deweyan Progressivism”

“The purpose of Education is to enhance individual awareness in society and give learners practical knowledge and problem-solving skills.” – John Dewey

Alfie Kohn (1957) American lecturer and Education Author Against standardized testing and excessive homework Students should be taught responsibility and respect The Schools Our Children Deserve: Moving Beyond Traditional Classrooms and “Tougher Standards” The Case Against Standardized Testing: Raising the scores, Ruining the schools

Elliot W Eisner (1933) Professor of Art and Education at Stanford University Discipline-Based Art Education President of John Dewey Society Received the Grawemeyer Award in 2005 Qualitative research Curriculum Reform

Francis W Parker Pioneer of the Progressive school movement in the U.S “Father of Progressive Education” –John Dewey Child to be the center of Education process He wanted schools to be Democratic Began the Francis W. Parker School in Chicago

Paulo Freire (1921-1997) Brazilian Educationalist ‘The most significant educational thinker of the twentieth century' “Latin John Dewey” Pedagogy of the Oppressed Instruction should be carried on in the classrooms There should be freedom in classrooms that students express own interest Students experiences should be focus of Education Teachers are no longer transmitters of superior knowledge

How is progressivism applied in Education? Freedom in choosing school experiences Group discussions Interacting beyond classroom

What does a Progressive classroom look like? Teacher creates practical activities that would help the students in outside world Outside classroom projects Role playing to enforce discovery and hands-on Group projects and activities

“Of the people, By the people, For the people” Progressives believe Our Government is… “Of the people, By the people, For the people”

Reference: F, Parkay and Hardcastle Stanford, B (2007). Becoming A Teacher. New York: Pearson “John Dewey and Progressive Education” retrieved on 14 October 2009 from http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/dewey/educ.html John Dewey’s Educational Progressivism retrieved on 14 October 2009 from http://www.slideshare.net/CPappasOnline/educational-progressivism “Encyclopedia” retrieved on 14 October 2009 from http://www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Alfie-Kohn What is Progressivism? Retrieved on 14 October 2009 from http://progressiveliving.org/progressivism.htm Paulo Freire: Education as Radical Political transformation (2007) http://www.visandvals.org/Paulo_Freire.php The Progressive Era 1920-1945, retrieved on 14 October 2009 from http://www.xtimeline.com/timeline/The-Progressive-Era-1920-1945 The Progressive Era: A Timeline, retrieved on 14 October 2009 from http://www.progressiveliving.org/history/timeline/progressive_era/progressive_era_timeline.htm Elliot W. Eisner, retrieved on 14 October 2009 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliot_W._Eisner Who is Francis Parker? Retrieved on 14 October 2009 from http://www.parker.org/WhoAreWe/who_is_francis_w_parker.htm About Parker, retrieved on 14 October 2009 from http://www.fwparker.org/Page.aspx?pid=295&srcid=395