CSTR with Heat Effects Energy Balance for CSTRs Equation (8-9) (page 476)

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Presentation transcript:

Lecture 22 Thursday 3/27/08 Blowout Velocity CSTR Explosion Batch Reactor Explosion

CSTR with Heat Effects Energy Balance for CSTRs Equation (8-9) (page 476)

(page 593)

At Steady State Solving for X Solving for T

Mole Balance Rate Law Stoichiometry Combine

Heat Effects Isothermal Design Stoichiometry Rate Laws Mole Balance

Isothermal Design Heat Effects Rate Laws Stoichiometry Mole Balance

Safety in Chemical Reactors

Then rearranging Equation (9-8)

Complete conversion FA = 0 Batch Reactors with Heat Effects Single Reactions Multiple Reactions Risk Rupture

Reactor Mole Balance Summary

Keeping MBAs Away From Chemical Reactors The process worked for 19 years before they showed up!! Why did they come???? What did they want????

Nitroaniline Synthesis Reaction NO2 NH2 Cl + 2NH3 + NH4Cl ONCB + Ammonia Nitroanaline + Ammonium Chloride

Nitroaniline Synthesis Process Autoclave 175 oC ~550 psi NH3 Separation Filter Press NH3 in H2O ONCB O-Nitroaniline Product Stream “fast” Orange To Crystallizing Tanks

Nitroaniline Synthesis Reactor Old 3 kmol ONCB 43 kmol Ammonia 100 kmol Water V = 3.25 m3

Same Nitroaniline Synthesis Reaction NO2 NH2 Cl + 2NH3 + NH4Cl ONCB + Ammonia Nitroanaline + Ammonium Chloride Batch Reactor, 24 hour reaction time Management said: TRIPLE PRODUCTION

MBA Style Nitroaniline Synthesis Reactor New 9 kmol ONCB 33 kmol Ammonia 100 kmol Water V = 5 m3

Monsanto Accident

Temperature-time trajectory 9:55 t = 0 10:40 10:50 midnight 12:18 Isothermal Operation Cooling Restored 200 175 400 Temperature oC fuse

Temperature-time trajectory 9:55 t = 0 10:40 10:50 midnight 12:18 Isothermal Operation Cooling Restored Qr = 0 200 175 400 Temperature oC fuse

CSTR multiple reactions - =0

Example Mole balance) Rates) net rates, relative rates, rate laws….. Stoichiometry) Energy Balance)

FA0 FI0 A If the flow rate shut off, the temperature will rise (possibly to point of explosion!)