The English Renaissance
What is the Renaissance? ► French word: “rebirth” or “renewal” ► Began in Italy ► Return to studying ancient texts… Greece Rome
What made the Renaissance? ► Interest in humans ► Introduction of universities ► Gutenberg and moveable print ► Use of vernacular ► Age of Exploration ► Reformation
How do the ideas of the Reformation arrive in England?
Arrival of Reformation in England ► Henry VIII Originally, Catholic Wanted divorce … Refused! Remarries King becomes religious leader of England Break with Rome
The Tudors ► Edward VI Only surviving son of Henry VIII Becomes king… Then dies
The Tudors ► Mary I (“Bloody Mary”) Roman Catholic ► What are the implications for her rule? Restore authority of Roman church Return England to Catholic country Oppression of Protestants
The Tudors ► Elizabeth I Educated during Renaissance Unity under Protestant Religion Friend of the Arts
Let’s Review… ► What connections are there between the three rulers: Henry VIII Mary I Elizabeth I ► What would be the difficulties each ruler faced when ascending the throne? ► What would this mean for the society?
What does this have to do with literature?
Renaissance in Literature ► New developments in three areas: Poetry Prose Drama
Renaissance Poetry ► Lyric poetry: Not a full story Single speaker ► Sonnets and sonnet cycles Sonnets: 14-lined lyric poem Sonnet cycle: Group of sonnets on single theme
Renaissance Poets ► Philip Sydney Sonnet cycles ( 十四行组诗 ) Key to shaping sonnet form ► Edmund Spenser Epic poem (叙事诗) The Faerie Queen (《仙 后》) Spenserian stanzas: nine-line units
Renaissance Poets ► Christopher Marlowe Playwright Lyric poet Pastoral verse: looking at the country life ► William Shakespeare Playwright English sonnet/Shakespeare sonnet
Elizabethan Drama and Prose ► No longer religious ► References to ancient texts ► Drama written in verse ► King James Bible