02/10/08 NextGen dependence on GPS! Captain Joe Burns Managing Director Flight Standards, Technology, Flight Test United Airlines

NextGen dependence on GPS RTCA NextGen Mid-Term Implementation Task Force: “Among additional considerations..concern with continued reliability and performance of the GPS constellation. The report highlights this risk,...undermines the achievement of desired benefits...” page IX

3 Optimal NextGen Components –No-Delay taxi to the runway –Unimpeded climb-out on departure –User Preferred Route for the oceanic phase of flight –Reduced Vertical Separation Minima (RVSM) –Cruise Climb –Variable optimized speed –RNP-4 oceanic separation minima (30/30) –Frequent Dynamic Airborne Reroutes (DARP) –Tailored Arrival to the approach –No-Delay taxi to the gate

NextGen – is GPS!: RNAV/RNP VNAV EFB FANS/Data Communications GBAS/LAAS WAAS ADS-B CDTI Curved Path - Approaches Surface Traffic Applications –ASDE-X, RAAS, TIS

NextGen –GPS dependency: RNAV/RNP - GPS VNAV - GPS EFB – GPS FANS/Data Communications – GPS/Satcom GBAS/LAAS – GPS WAAS – GPS ADS-B - GPS CDTI - GPS Curved Path – Approaches - GPS Surface Traffic Applications - GPS –ASDE-X, RAAS, TIS

02/10/ Navigation: Airspace Data Growth – why we need bigger “boxes” 42,00 lat/long waypoints in US!

Fuel Saved = 1600 lbs! Tailored Arrivals – UAL HNL-SFO True 4-D procedure “tailored” for flight using continuous descent

8 3DPath Arrival Management Route Possibilities Optimal descents using time-of-arrival Assign new Mach/IAS and/or Use “path stretch” 8 TOD Horizontal view TMA Freeze Horizon 1. EDA selects initial path maneuver. Controller can override EDA selection by specifying turn out angle (15, 30, 45, 60) and direction of turn (left or right) 2. EDA selects cruise and descent speeds to minimize path distance 3. EDA calculates turn back location (specified as a PBD from the return waypoint) Path Stretch turn out waypointPath Stretch return waypoint

RNP: Allows Better Use of Parallel Runways Same SFO “overlay” using GPS-based RNP

GPS derived information 02/10/ MDCRS Real-time tracker: GTG Turbulence output:

Tracking turbulence/weather with GPS position

Surface Moving Map video - FLL

RAAS in action (UAL DEN) Intersection Departure – Insufficient Runway Aircraft must enter into runway Aircraft heading +/- 20 deg of runway heading Distance for takeoff less than nominal (user selected) “On runway 34 Left, one thousand two hundred remaining”

How does GPS benefit US Aviation?: Precision Navigation = MORE CAPACITY, MORE ALL WEATHER OPS Precision Timing = BETTER FLOW MANAGEMENT Position awareness = SAFETY Reduced fuel burn Reduced block times “Greener” more efficient ops!

02/10/08 Thank you!