Lumen Gentium Vatican 11Lumen Gentium1964

From Council of Trent From 1100 the papacy began to centralise authority and power And became increasingly juridical Power was taken from local bishops And transferred to the Vatican And the Vatican required more money to run the church Allowed pluralism and absenteeism

Council of Constance When 3 popes existed Call for radical reform Summoned by King Sigismund Finally elected one pope 2 decisions: that Councils have supreme authority That Councils should be called at frequent and regular intervals

Council v Pope - ? The ‘Conciliar’ movement – that the Councils have at least as much authority as the Pope if not more – has continued to this day. Sadly the decrees of the Council of Constance were not adhered to Popes went back to being autocratic, monarchical, worldly, expensive

Response to attack... The Council of Trent responded to attack by shoring up the authority of the Vatican, underlining and emphasising doctrine, underlining boundaries. This was repeated at Vatican 1

Vatican – 1870 Declaration of Papal Infallibility ‘inerrancy in matters of faith and morals’ Unfinished business because of the Franco Prussian war

1. Pre Vatican 11 French revolution – 1789 Democracy – 19 th and 20 th centuries Modernism Puis X- Encyclical ‘Pascendi’ ◦ Decree ‘Lamentabili’ 1907

Early 20 th century Liturgical movement developing Biblical scholarship 1940s Social action / social justice Rerum Novarum 1891 and Quadragesimo Anno 1931

Mid 20 th century Lay Apostolate Ecumenical movement Missionary movement Theological renewal Karl Rahner (Transcendental Thomism) Yves Congar (ecclesiology)

Vatican unique because it involved so many More than 2,600 bishops out of 2,908 eligibles Over 3,000 participants: Geographically diverse:

Geographically diverse... 1, 089 from Europe 489 South America 404 North America 374 Asia 296 Africa 84 Central America 75 Oceania

Greater Diversity Ecumenical: 63 Non Catholic Observers Laity involved: 11 laymen allowed to attend the second session increased to 52 by the fourth. (29 men + 23 women (10 nuns)) Communication improved and great TV publicity

Pope John 23 Reminded people at the beginning that there was a distinction between ‘the substance of the ancient doctrine...is one thing and the way it is presented is another.’ This was a radical departure from the uniformity previously seen as crucial.

Topics covered: The Church Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Declaration on Christian Education Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy

Ministries Decree on ministry and life of priests Decree on priestly formation Decree on Bishops’ Pastoral Office Decree on Appropriate Renewal of Religious Life Decree on Apostolate of the Laity

Relating to other beliefs Decree on Ecumenism Decree on Eastern Churches Declaration on Non-Christian Religions

Relating to the world Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Decree on the Church’s Missionary Activity Declaration on Religious Freedom Decree on the Instruments of Social Communication

Dogmatic Constitution on the Church The Mystery of the Church The People of God The Church is Hierarchical The Laity The universal call to holiness Religious The Pilgrim Church The Blessed Virgin Mary

Some headlines Church a mystery before all- a reality imbued with the presence of God A sacrament- an visible sign of an invisible grace n1

The People of God The People of God –OT resonance Yves Congar: church as resistance movement Everybody baptised: priests and laity All baptised and Eucharistic Christians ‘All women and men are called to belong to the new people of God’ N13

Church and Kingdom N8: the unique church of Christ....This church...subsists in the Catholic Church which is governed by the successor of Peter and by he bishops in communion with him. Nevertheless many elements of sanctification and of truth are found outside its visible confines

Structure Hierarchy Enables the church to carry out its mission Collegial authority n22 The Church’s mission is the responsibility of every baptised Eucharistic Christian

Lay people participate in the ‘tria munera’ of Christ ; the roles of priest, prophet and king Lay people should participate in the apostolate of the church by the exercise of their own gifts and charisms Everybody –ordained and lay alike – is called to holiness

The role of Mary Mary, the mother of God – ‘theotokos ‘ The model of discipleship Roots the church in the Incarnation She formed the early years of Jesus Her life is commitment and humility All the events of her life support her son Jesus First in the Church, a constant signpost for everyone else

Results? Did this advance the laity in the church? Osborne 1994 Did it change prevailing ecclesiologies? General Catechetical Directory 1971 CCC 1994 One Bread One Body 1998 Dominus Iesus 2000

Ecumenism Changes Establishment of Secretariat for Christian Unity Acceptance that the Holy Spirit exists in other non-Christian faiths