Косвенная речь и согласование времён Reported Speech and Sequence of Tenses

Reported Speech and Direct Speech Когда рассказчик передает речь другого человека словами самого этого человека, без изменений, дословно – это прямая речь (Direct Speech). Когда же он излагает чужую речь своими словами, то это косвенная речь (Reported Speech). Чужая речь при этом немного изменяется.

Reported Speech and Direct Speech Tom said “I am feeling ill”. Reported Speech: Tom said that he was feeling ill.

При переводе из прямой речи в косвенную нужно: Изменить личные и притяжательные местоимения. Изменить форму глагола-сказуемого в придаточном предложении, соблюдая правило согласования времён (если сказуемое главного предложения имеет форму прошедшего времени)

Изменение времени глагола в косвенной речи Прямая речь Косвенная речь write wrote had written will write would write is writing was writing was writing/ had been writing have written have been writing

Изменение времени глагола в косвенной речи Прямая речь Косвенная речь Present Simple Past Simple Present Progressive Past Progressive Present Perfect Past Perfect Present Perfect Progressive Past Perfect Progressive Future Future-in-the-Past

Лексические изменения при переводе прямой речи в косвенную here there this/that these/those today that day ago before now then tomorrow The next day yesterday the day before last night the previous night

to tell – сообщать, рассказывать Verbs to say/to tell to say – сказать Sasha said: ”I am from Russia”. Sasha said to Mike: ”I am from Russia”. to tell – сообщать, рассказывать Sasha told Mike that he was from Russia.

Перевод утверждений (statements) в косвенную речь Direct Speech: Tom says to Sasha :”You are a good sportsman now”. Reported Speech: Tom said that Sasha was a good sportsman then.

Перевод вопросов (questions) в косвенную речь Общие (General): Sasha asked: ”Do you like Atlanta?” He asked me if (whether) I liked Atlanta. Специальные (Special) He asked: ”When shall we meet tomorrow”. He asked when we should meet the next day.

Reported Speech Приказания, команды, просьбы (Orders, commands, requests) Sasha said to me :”Give me your telephone number” He asked me to give him my phone number.

Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech Jimmy said, “My brother is learning to drive”. Nick said, “I come home by tram every day”. Bob said, “My uncle has just arrived from Paris”. The teacher told the students, “I haven’t read you papers yet”. Mary said, “I don’t want to wear my old dress”.

Change the following sentences into Direct Speech The farmer said that he hadn’t grown any wheat since 1975. My sister said that she hadn’t got a watch. She said that her children were playing in the garden. I told him that I hadn’t seen his brother for a long time. The teacher told his students that he was going to give them a test.

Change the following sentences into Direct Speech Peter asked:”Who has taken my book?” I asked my mother: “What did the teacher say?” He asked Roger: “When do you usually get up?” I asked the gardener: “What are you planting here this year?” The policeman asked: “Who left this car here?”

Change the following sentences into Direct Speech He asked his friend: “Do you like the wine?” I asked my sister: “Did you leave the book at home?” He asked his wife: “Is the baby asleep?” I asked the old gentleman: “Are you feeling tired?” I asked Frank: “Did you buy a new car?”