Interpersonal Communication

Theory Models Schramm’s Model- Field of Experience added to Shannon’s model Ogden &Richard’s Triangle of Meaning Referents Newcomb’s Symmetry Model:

Models Westley-MacLean Model:

Rhetoric Classical Rhetoric Theory People are rational decision makers Conscious decision making with emotions Logo, Ethos, Pathos Contemporary Rhetoric Theory Broader definition of rhetoric and “text” Not all situations work- Eulogy vs. Graduation No true objectivity

Cow Feelings

Interpersonal Communication Easy to identify an issue Hard to identify communication aspects Individual motivations, experiences, beliefs Understanding helps us: Resolve conflict and engage people in desirable action How do you communicate an involved topic to a low involvement audience? How do you get people who have little frame of reference to see your view point? How can differing viewpoints agree?

Our Characteristics Dyad: 2 people in a social relationship Move from impersonal to personal Begin with self: Self-image or self-concept Who we are and where we are in social order Other’s self-image of me Personae Personality (psychological traits) Locus of Control (inner or outer directed) Impressions management (how others see us)

Johari Window Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham Describes the process of human interaction through a four paned “window” that divides personal awareness into four types: Open, Hidden, Blind, and Unknown Lines can move as interaction progresses What I see in meWhat I DO NOT see in me What you see in me Open/Public SelfBlind Self What you DO NOT see in me Private SelfUnknown Self

Staircase Model of Relational Development Knapp & Vangelistis

Relationships Impression Management Face Management Theory Goffman Self-Presentation Fostering an impression to others Politeness Theory Brown & Levinson Positive Face- Desire to be valued and seen as competent Negative Face- Desire to be free of imposition and constraint

Social Cognition Bandura, 1965 How and why we think about people including ourselves. Self Efficacy and Self Regulation A person's behavior is both influenced by and is influencing a person's personal factors and the environment how people process social information, especially its encoding, storage, retrieval, and application to social situations

Schema Cognitive structure that represents knowledge about a concept or type of stimulus- Susan Fiske Person Scheme (“outgoing” “abrasive”) Social Goals (revenge, love) Role Schemas (“graduate student” “parent”) Schemas guide memory and influence judgments Schema versus evidence; cognitive dissonance

Cognitive Dissonance Festinger, 1957 People need cognitive consistency 1) dissonance is psychologically uncomfortable enough to motivate people to achieve consonance, and 2) in a state of dissonance, people will avoid information and situations that might increase the dissonance.

Attention Two processes Encoding- taking in information and making sense of it Consciousness- awareness Salience- when external objects capture our attention Schema can engage this Our casual attributions can be exaggerated Our evaluations can be polarized

Self Identity Baumeister Interpersonal tool, make choices, regulation of self Will remember information related to the self better than similar information lacking reference to the self Social interaction and the self We interpret events to increase our good qualities Positive Illusions- Taylor & Brown- Overestimate good qualities, control, and are more optimistic than warranted by objective circumstances High self-esteem= take greater risks

Wednesday Human Communication Chapter 8-9 Articles Matrix Wiki