BREAST CANCER Research done by Jazmine Warden and David Iheanacho

WHAT IS BREAST CANCER? Breast cancer is cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast. There are two main types of breast cancer: Ductal carcinoma, which starts in the tubes that move milk from the breast to the nipple, and Lobular carcinoma, that starts in the parts of the breast, called lobules, which produce milk. Many breast cancers are sensitive to the hormone estrogen. This means that estrogen causes the breast cancer tumor to grow. They are called (estrogen receptor-positive cancer) or ER-positive cancer.

IN RARE CASES, BREAST CANCER CAN START IN OTHER AREAS OF THE BREAST.

CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS Over the course of a lifetime, 1 in 8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer. Risk factors you cannot change include:  Age and gender  Family history of breast cancer  Genes  Menstrual cycle Women who got their periods early before age 12, or went through menopause late, after age 55 have an increased risk of breast cancer.

The most common gene defects are found in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. These genes normally produce proteins that protect you from cancer. If a parent passes you a defective gene, you have an increased risk of breast cancer. Women with one of these defects have up to an 80% chance of getting breast cancer sometime during their life.

OTHER RISK FACTORS INCLUDE  Alcohol use  Women who have never had children or who had them only after age 30 have an increased risk of breast cancer.  Hormone replacement therapy  Obesity  Radiation Breast implants, using antiperspirants, and wearing underwire bras do not raise the risk of breast cancer. There is also no evidence of a direct link between breast cancer and pesticides.

SYMPTOMS Early breast cancer usually does not cause symptoms. This is why regular breast exams are important. As the cancer grows, symptoms may include:  Breast lump or lump in the armpit that is hard, has uneven edges, and usually does not hurt  Change in the size, shape, or feel of the breast or nipple  Fluid coming from the nipple Men can get breast cancer, too. Symptoms include breast lump and breast pain and tenderness.

SYMPTOMS OF ADVANCED BREAST CANCER MAY INCLUDE  Bone pain  Breast pain or discomfort  Skin ulcers  Swelling of the armpit (next to the breast)  Weight loss

BREAST CANCER STAGES RANGE FROM 0 TO IV. THE HIGHER THE STAGING NUMBER, THE MORE ADVANCED THE CANCER. Lymph node biopsyLumpectomy

EXERCISE & NUTRITION RECOMMENDATIONS During active breast cancer treatment, the overall goals of nutritional care for survivors should be to prevent or resolve; 1. nutrient deficiencies 2.achieve or maintain a healthy weight 3.preserve lean body mass 4.minimize nutrition-related side effects 5.maximize quality of life

EXERCISE PRECAUTIONS Do not exercise if you have a low red blood cell count Include exercises that will increase your flexibility and keep the range of motion in your joints Start with warm up exercises about 2-3 minutes Get regular, light-to-moderate intensity exercise Exercise with resistance bands and light weights because that will keep lean muscle mass and bone strength

EXERCISE CAN REDUCE DRUG-RELATED JOINT PAIN IN BREAST CANCER WATCH NOW

NUTRITION RECOMMENDATIONS Many risk factors, such as your genes and family history cannot be controlled. But making healthy lifestyle changes may reduce your overall chance of getting cancer. This includes eating healthy foods: Choose food portions sizes that promote a healthy weight Choose whole grains instead of refined grain products Eat more fruits and vegetables each day Limit processed and red meat in the diet Limit alcohol consumption to one drink per day (woman at high risk of breast cancer should not drink alcohol at all)

WHAT BODY SYSTEMS DOES BREAST CANCER EFFECT Breast Cancer can affect the whole body if left untreated. It can spread to other organs of the body, even the bones. It affects the breast first. 70% of all metastatic breast cancers spread to the bones first, predominantly, the spine, pelvic cradle and the long bones (femur).

Learn More About Breast Cancer Body Systems Breast Cancer can spread to and effect.