W IND –2– H 2 O MECH 4010: Design I Group 12: Jeffrey Allen Daniel Barker Andrew Hildebrand Supervised by: Dr. Alex Kalamkarov Client: Dr. Graham Gagnon 1

Presentation Agenda 2 Background Design Requirements & Selection Design & Analysis Budget Questions

Design Competition Project inspired by theme of 2008 Design Competition posed by WERC: A Consortium for Environmental Education and Technology Development Competition held at New Mexico State University 3 Competition Design Challenge Design a device that uses wind power to directly power the filtration of brackish water i.e. no generation of electricit y

Interdisciplinary Collaboration Working with a team of two Civil Engineering students: Matt Follett Dannica Switzer Responsible for water filtration system 4

Design Requirements Must start pumping at winds > 4 m/s Must produce minimum water Pressure of approximately 517 kPa (75 psi) Must have over speed control to prevent catastrophic failure Designed for constant use in remote locations Contain pump components Suitable for contact with brackish water Scale prototype to fit within 10 x 10 ft area (WERC Competition regulation) Constructed from off the shelf materials Contain no electrical components 5

Design Selection: Wind Power 6 Source: P.L. Frankel, 1986

Design Selection: Water Pump 7

8 Final Design: Overall

Windmill-Pump Matching 9 Source: P.L. Frankel, 1986

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Water Pump Selection 11 Selected pump to have: Piston diameter of 1 7/8” Pump stroke of 3” Source: Liu, Park, Magita, Qui, 2008 Source:

12 Final Design: Blades Design for increased torque Blade Twist Angle: 27° Mount Angle: 52° Solidity Ratio: 0.75

Finite Element Analysis: Blades Thrust Load and Constraints Nodal Displacements 13

Finite Element Analysis: Blades 14

Final Design: Wheel & Hub 15

16 Final Design: Gear Box

Final Design: Over-Speed Protection Calculated critical stress in different components of the turbine at different wind speeds Stress in turbine components reaches critical value at 11 m/s Cutout wind speed = 11 m/s Furling mechanism to activate at 11 m/s 17

Final Design: Furling System Main components and factors affecting furling system design are: Swept Area and Weight of Turbine Blades Tail Fin Area Tail Weight and Length Tail Offset Angles Offset Distances from the Center of Rotation 18

Swept Area and Weight of Turbine Blades The swept area of the turbine was selected to be 4.91m 2 Weight of the turbine blades (aluminum) and hub assembly (steel) was calculated in Solid Edge Total weight of assembly is approximately 50 kg 19

Tail Fin Area, Weight & Length The resulting area to create this moment at 11 m/s was found to be 0.48 m 2 The optimum tail weight and length were calculated as: Weight 14 kg Length 1.8 m Provides required moment N∙m 20

Tail Offset Angles A vertical offset angle of 13.7 degrees assists the blades back into the wind Horizontal offset angle of 20 degrees is included to make the required force on the tail fin 21

Offset from Center of Rotation A distance of 76 mm from vertical axis to the turbine axis was used due to the gear ratio, crank arm length Based on the tail weight and area, the tail was mounted at a distance of 1.8m from the vertical axis in order to achieve the required total moment arm 22

Budget Pumping System = $ Blade/Wheel Assembly = $ Gearbox Assembly = $ Tail/Furling Assembly = $ Miscellaneous Costs = $ Total = $ Acquired Funding = $ Required Fundraising = $

Acknowledgements Special Thanks to: Dr. Joshua Leon Dr. Graham Gagnon Dr. Alexander Kalamkarov Dr. Julio Militzer 24

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