American Revolution Unit 3

Causes of the American Revolution

King George III ★ King of England during the American Revolution ★ Aggressive behavior towards the colonies ★ He struggled to enforce royal authority throughout his reign

Mercantilism ★ Practiced by KG3 ★ KG3’s England got richer off the colonies ★ The colonies were the source of raw materials for the “mother country.” ★ The colonies are expected to purchase the manufactured goods from the “mother country.”

NO VOICE in Parliament ★ Colonists were upset with taxation by Parliament. ★ WHY? ★ The colonists had no representation in Parliament.

French & Indian War ★ Conflict over Ohio River Valley fur trade ★ French Vs. Great Britain (both with Indian Allies)

Treaty of Paris – 1763 French allowed to keep sugar producing islands in West Indies Great Britain has huge war debt but gains lands from Appalachian Mts. To Mississippi River and Canada Spain receives French lands west of the Mississippi River & the port of New Orleans

The Result of the French & Indian War? HUGE AMOUNT OF DEBT

Who will pay for the French & Indian War Debt? ★ KG3 makes colonists pay off the war debt through taxes. ★ Colonists get angry and resent KG3 even more. ★ Tensions build!!

Proclamation of 1763 ★ KG3 told colonists they were forbidden to settle in the west ★ Appalachian Mts.- buffer zone between Indians and colonists ★ Colonists wanted to settle in the Ohio River Valley

Civil Disobedience ★ ignoring the policies and government when laws are considered unjust ★ non-violent actions such as: boycotts protests refusal to pay taxes

Sugar Act ★ KG3 lowered the cost of sugar to prevent smuggling into the colonies. ★ Colonists BOYCOTTED the act. ★ KG3 removed Sugar Act because of BOYCOTT.

Stamp Act ★ All legal documents have an official stamp showing the document had been paid for. ★ This revenue is to help pay off French & Indian War. ★ Colonists riot, Stamp Act repealed and the Stamp Act Congress is formed.

Sons of Liberty ★ Led by Samuel Adams ★ Purpose of the Sons of Liberty was to protest on behalf of the colonists ★ Their motto was “taxation without representation.”

Patrick Henry ★ Spoke against the Stamp Act ★ Famous quote: “Give me liberty or give me death!”

Haym Salomon ★ Jewish immigrant to America ★ Arrested by the British for being a spy ★ Used by the British as an interpreter with their German troops ★ Helped British prisoners escape & encouraged Germans to desert the British Army

Townshend Acts ★ Tax on paper, paint, tea, lead and glass ★ Colonists BOYCOTT again! ★ BOYCOTT hurts British merchants

Causes of the American Revolution revolution/american-revolution- history/videos/colonists-protest-british-policies

Boston Massacre - March, 1770 ★ Red Coats vs. Colonists in Boston ★ Tensions over the taxes imposed to pay off French & Indian War debt ★ Confusion started the scuffle ★ British fired on “unarmed” colonists ★ 5 colonists die - including Crispus Attucks

Crispus Attucks ★ African American ★ First casualty of the American Revolution ★ He was shot and killed during the Boston Massacre

The Boston Massacre revolution/boston-massacre/videos/boston- massacre

Paul Revere’s Engraving Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s Engraving ★ propaganda to persuade the colonist to leave the king

Repeal of the Townshend Acts ★ April 1770 ★ Tax on tea remained

No More King

Tea Act ★ Benefitted British East India Tea Company ★ Allowed the company to bypass COLONIAL merchants and sell directly to shops ★ This hurts the colonial merchants & another way to crush their liberties

Boston Tea Party ★ Protest led by Sons of Liberty against the Tea Act ★ Colonial reaction to taxation without representation

Intolerable Act (Coercive Act) ★ KG3’s reaction to the Boston Tea Party ★ KG3 closed the port of Boston ★ KG3 Banned town meetings (self- government)

★ KG3 sends troops into Boston ★ Bostonians forced to QUARTER soldiers in their homes (3rd amendment) ★ MORE boycotts & Continental Congress convenes

The Tea Act & The Boston Tea Party revolution/american-revolution- history/videos/the-sons-of-liberty-and-the- boston-tea-party

1st Continental Congress ★ Drafted a list of grievances ★ Colonists started forming militias/ minute men

Colonial Grievances 1.Taxation without representation 2.King has absolute power 3.Colonists not allowed to speak against KG3 4.Quartering Act 5.Allowed homes to be searched without warrant 6.No trial by jury of peers

Patriots & Loyalists Patriots - those supporting freedom from KG3 and Great Britain Loyalists - those remaining loyal to KG3 during the American Revolution

Paul Revere & William Dawes - April 1775 ★ Warned that the British are on their way to Concord to capture the arsenal. ★ This would be bad because that is were the colonists were storing their weapons. “The regulars are out, the regulars are out.”

Wentworth Cheswell ★ African American patriot ★ warned his community that the British were coming

Events Surrounding The American Revolution

Shot Heard Around the World

Lexington & Concord - April 19, 1775 ★ “Shot heard round the world” ★ First battles of the American Revolution ★ British soldiers vs. Colonial minutemen at Concord, Massachusetts

Bunker Hill - June 1775 “Don’t shoot ‘til ya see the whites of their eyes.” General William Prescott

Thomas Paine ★ Common Sense published in January 1776 ★ He said it was “Common Sense” to stop following the “royal brute.”

Declaration of Independence ★ July 4, 1776 ★ stated grievances and colonists desire for independence from KG3. ★ written by Thomas Jefferson

Unalienable Rights ★ fundamental rights guaranteed to the people naturally because we are people - instead of guaranteed by law “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness” John Locke

Abigail Adams ★ wife of John Adams, who served on the Continental Congress “Remember the ladies”

John Trumball ★ painting of the signing of The Declaration was commissioned in 1817.

John Trumball’s Signing of the Declaration

2nd Continental Congress ★ prepares for freedom by creating the 1st constitution called “The Articles of Confederation”

George Washington ★ delegate at the 1st & 2nd Continental Congress ★ Commander & Chief of Continental Army

Molly Ludwig Hayes ★ brought supplies to the soldiers on the battlefield ★ took over husbands cannon when he collapsed at Battle of Monmouth

Deborah Sampson ★ disguised as a man ★ fought for 18 months during the revolution

Molly Pitcher ★ Woman who took water soldiers during battle became known as “Molly Pitchers.” ★ The water was used to drink and cool cannons down.

Molly Pitcher

Other “Molly Pitchers” Martha Washington Catherine Littlefield Greene

Mercy Otis Warren & Anne Bradstreet ★ used poetry to influence people to support independence

Phillis Wheatley ★ first published African American woman ★ taught to read and write by slaveholder’s daughter

Esther De Berdt ★ fundraiser during American Revolution ★ raised $300,000 for Patriots ★ used money to buy linen ★ helped sew 2,220 shirts for the soldiers

Poor Richard’s Almanac ★ written by Benjamin Franklin ★ Best seller during the 1700’s ★ Contained: tips for farmers household tips a calendar wise sayings

Battle of Saratoga ★ turning point af American Revolution because the French, led by Marquis de Lafayette give their support to the Patriots cause ★ Wentworth Cheswell - African American who fought at this battle

James Armistead ★ enslaved African American ★ recruited by Marquis de Lafayette to be a spy for Continental Army ★ posed as a double agent ★ got vital information on British troops that contributed to the victory at Yorktown

Valley Forge, Pennsylvania revolution/american-revolution- history/videos/surviving-valley-forge

Valley Forge ★ Washington took men to Valley Forge for the winter to train them. ★ Goal: turn them into a professional army instead of militias ★ Men suffered harsh conditions, frostbite and starvation

Serapis Vs. Bonhomme Richard ★ John Paul Jones captained the Bonhomme Richard ★ Serapis asked him to surrender after many hours of fighting “I have not yet begun to fight.”

John Paul Jones “I have not yet begun to fight” ★ Credited with starting the Navy

John Paul Jones

Battle of Yorktown ★ KG3 thinks war is costing too much! ★ General Cornwallis surrenders ★ Colonists WON their independence

Battle of Yorktown revolution/siege-of-yorktown/videos/yorktown

Treaty of Paris ★ independence is recognized ★ U.S. boundaries set at: Canada to the North Mississippi River to the west Spanish Florida to the south