Development Agencies Haley Born & Laura Sampson April 10, 2012 International Water Relations and Humanitarian Projects

Millennium Development Goals

Focus on… Target 7B: By 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss Proportion of fish stocks within safe biological limits Proportion of total water resources used Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected Proportion of species threatened with extinction Target 7C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

Progress MDGR (2010)

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization The International Committee on Intellectual Co-operation was officially created on 4 January 1922-predacesor UNESCO: November member states

UNESCO Purpose: To contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through education, science, and culture in order to further universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and human rights along with fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the UN Charter

Work With Water International Institute for Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering (IHE) World Water Assessment Program (WWAP) International Hydrological Program (IHP)

IHE Largest water education facility in the world established in 2003 Carries out research & education in the fields of water, environment and infrastructure The only institution in the UN system authorized to confer accredited MSc degrees

Work With Water International Institute for Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering (IHE) World Water Assessment Program (WWAP) International Hydrological Program (IHP)

WWAP Coordinates 28 UN-Water members to develop the World Water Development Report (WWDR) – The WWDR is a triennial review providing an authoritative picture of the state, use and management of the world’s freshwater resources. Seek to equip water managers and key decision-makers with the information, tools and skills needed to develop effective policies

Work With Water International Institute for Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering (IHE) World Water Assessment Program (WWAP) International Hydrological Program (IHP)

IHP Promoting leading edge research that provides policy-relevant advice to Member States Facilitating education and capacity development as a response to the growing needs linked to sustainable development Enhancing governance in water resources management to achieve ecosystem sustainability

Programs FRIEND – Flow Regimes from International Experimental and Network Data – Sets up regional networks for analyzing hydrological data through the exchange of regional knowledge/techniques – Provides support to researchers and staff in developing countries helping them manage their own national water resources

Programs IFI (2005) – International Flood Initiative – An interagency initiative – promotes an integrated approach to flood management which takes advantage of the benefits of floods and the use of flood plains, while reducing social, environmental and economic risks.

Programs ISARM – Internationally Shared Aquifer Resources Management – An initiative to set up a network of specialists and experts to compile a world inventory of transboundary aquifers – develop wise practices and guidance tools concerning shared groundwater resources management

Programs PCCP – From Potential Conflict to Cooperation Potential – facilitates multi-level and interdisciplinary dialogues in order to foster peace, cooperation and development related to the management of shared water resources

Political Tension Palestine: In 2011, Palestine became a UNESCO member following a vote in which 107 member states supported and 14 opposed Laws passed in the United States in 1990 and 1994 mean that it cannot contribute financially to any UN organization that accepts Palestine as a full member Currently 22% of UNESCO's budget

USAID Foreign Assistance Act (1961) – USAID created by executive order Emphasis on long-range economic and social development assistance to foreign countries Twofold purpose – furthering America's interests – improving lives in the developing world US Agency for International Development

The Global Water Challenge Total global water demand is doubling every 20 years Millennium development goals want to ½ this number by 2015

From Ridge to Reef: Integrated Water Resources Management “USAID is committed to addressing these challenges, and creating a water secure world in which every society enjoys access to an acceptable quantity and quality of water to meet human, livelihood, production, and ecosystem needs.”

Integrated Water Resources Management water issues intersect with all other aspects of development Goal: yield more lasting change than investments in infrastructure Drinking Water, Sanitation, & Hygiene Water Productivity & Efficiency Water Governance & Regulation Water Resources & Natural Resources Management Water, Natural Disasters, & Climate Change Integrated Water Resources Management Principles

Framework for Action

Funding Foreign policy initiatives 4 categories of funded activities – Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (WSSH) – Water Resources Management (WRM) – Water Productivity and Efficiency (WP) – Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

Funding Breakdown 83% of funding goes to WSSH Less than 10% to each of the others – 8% to WP – 5% to DRR – 4% to WRM

Top WSSH Contribution

WSSH: Pakistan $107,881,513 for WSSH Also – $23,500,000 for WP Projects such as: – Sindh Cities Improvement Investment Program – Jacobabad and Peshawar Water Project – Municipal Services Delivery Initiative

Top WRM Contribution

WRM: Indonesia $6,550,000 for WRM Also – $10,651,321 for WSSH – $621,480 for DRR Projects such as: – Coral Triangle Support Partnership – Responsible Asia Forestry and Trade Program – Indonesian Forest and Climate Support

Top WP Contribution

WP: Pakistan $23,500,000 for WP Also – $107,881,513 for WSSH Projects such as: – The Enterprise Fund – High Efficiency Irrigation Systems Program – Agricultural Technical Training Program

Top DRR Contribution

DRR: Democratic Republic of Congo $14,153,200 for DRR Projects such as: – Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Plan – Jenga Jamaa – African Global Competitiveness Initiative

Questions 1.What do you think about the MDGs? Are they reasonably attainable? Is there anything you would add or remove? 2.83% of USAID funding in 2010 fell into the category of WSSH projects. Does this seem reasonable or do you think another category should receive more funding? 3.What do you see as the pros and cons of an international development program as opposed to regional or national aid programs?