9-11 September 2009 Manila, Philippines International Conference on Green Industry in Asia 10 September of 15 ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THE ACCOMMODATION SECTOR Side event - Advancing a low carbon tourism industry: challenges & responses Brahmanand Mohanty, Ph.D. Visiting Faculty, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) Regional Adviser for Asia, French Environment & Energy Management Agency (ADEME)

10 September of 15 Tourism sector at a glance Tourism sector represents –11% of the world GDP; main source of revenue for many low-income countries –8% of jobs created around the globe –842 million tourists in 2006; expected to grow to 1.5 billion by 2020 (21% of the world population), according to the WTO Consequences –Economic and social opportunities for the tourist destinations –Considerable pressure on the environment 5% of the world CO 2 emissions –Transport and accommodation 4.8 million tons of waste per year

10 September of 15 Impacts of hotels on the environment Air Liquid wastes Wastes Soil Landscape Noise Environmental risks Energy Water

10 September of 15 Use of energy by the hotel industry Hotels are important energy consumers –Hotels rank among the top 5 energy consumers in the tertiary building sector –Estimated use of energy by hotels in 2001 was 97.5 TWh (Gössling, 2002) –Typical challenges: competitiveness, cost reduction, environmental factors Hotels’ high contribution to climate change & global warming –With about 80% of the world primary energy deriving from fossil fuels, the sector’s contribution to global warming and climate change is high –Global CO 2 emissions by hotels estimated to be 55.7 MT in 2001 (Gössling, 2002)

10 September of 15 The accommodation sector Highly energy intensive to meet clients’ expectations –During construction phase Use of high embodied energy construction materials (steel, cement, glass…) Purchase of energy-intensive appliances and equipment for service provision –For operation and maintenance Meet the expected comfort needs of the guests (mainly thermal and visual, but also many other needs (transport, water supply and sanitation, cooking…) High specific energy use of hotels in developing Asian countries –Electricity use per guest-night in a typical upper-end hotel can be hundred times the average per capita local electricity use –Greater burden on local electric utilities which are most often State-owned

10 September of 15 Energy efficiency strategy for hotels Best strategy: –Demand-side management followed by supply-side options

10 September of 15 Sustainable design Major stakes: tourism infrastructure –Design and construct new tourist development facilities that are highly resource-efficient and environmentally benign –Renovate/rehabilitate tourist facilities (hotels, resorts) that are high consumers of energy, water and raw materials and are high CO 2 emitters

10 September of 15 Sustainable design Designing to meet national, regional or international green building criteria –Several green building certification schemes around the world –Energy efficiency and conservation are major components of green building programs (Energy Star - USA, HQE - France, GRIHA - India, LEED - many parts of the world…) Green building certified buildings typically save 30 to 50% in operating energy and 35% in carbon emissions These energy savings will make the hotel more cost-competitive and provide enhanced services to their clients (better thermal and visual comfort) Indirect benefits in many developing countries: less investment on back-up energy supply options

10 September of 15 Sustainable design Typical eco-design features of tourist infrastructure –Reducing dependence on natural resources during the construction phase Adopting bioclimatic architecture to –Improving building’s capacity to reduce need for heating/cooling by incorporating passive designs (orientation, solar protection or gain, depending on the location) –Reducing heat gain/loss through building envelope (better insulation, special glazing, cool roofs) –Reducing the need for artificial lighting (greater use of daylighting) Using as much as possible natural and local materials for construction

10 September of 15 Efficient equipment & appliances Adoption of high energy performance products –Lighting Varying needs in different areas of the facility: lobby, guest rooms, dining, meeting room, outdoor, etc. General lighting versus task lighting, high-efficacy lamps and fixtures, occupancy sensors, signage lighting Modern control systems to modulate lighting intensity according to the need –HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air conditioning) Choice of systems: central vs. decentralized, water-cooled vs. air-cooled, use of ground-source heat pump in certain climates Air delivery system: air handling unit, fan-coil unit, adoption for heat pipe for better humidity control and energy saving Improved management, thermostat control, duty-cycling during utility peak period, thermal storage

10 September of 15 Efficient equipment & appliances Adoption of energy-efficient products –Other appliances Kitchen and restaurant (cooking and refrigerating appliances) Laundry (washing, drying and ironing equipment) Pools and Spas (pumps, water treatment) Office equipment (computers, printers, fax machines)

10 September of 15 How can hotels be energy “prosumers”? Target to meet some of the energy needs through renewable energy options and green technologies –Solar Solar thermal collectors for low temperature thermal needs (e.g. guest rooms, kitchen and laundry) Solar photovoltaic panels integrated into the tourism infrastructure (BIPV) or to meet specific low-electricity demands (e.g. fence or path lighting) –Ground-source heat pump Improve the efficiency of space cooling or heating by benefiting from the free energy from the earth –Biogas Install bio-digester to generate biogas from organic waste and waste water Biogas can supplement energy needs for cooking or hot water generation –Biomass gasifier and cogeneration In remote areas, use of biomass gasifier for power generation or cogeneration

10 September of 15 What strategy should the hotels adopt to reduce their energy consumption? Strategy & implementation plan Involve your staff Make a first assessment Involve your guests  Assess the energy status of your hotel  Draw up a simple energy policy  Adopt good housekeeping practices  Ensure regular servicing and maintenance of your equipment  Improve energy management by sharing information with your staff and guests Improve equipment efficiency  Better operate equipment in place (through monitoring and control)  Improve space heating/cooling efficiency  Improve hot water systeiciency  Improve ventilation efficiency  Improve lighting efficiency  Improve efficiency of other electrical appliances Eco-renovate (reduce heating & cooling needs)  Improve the thermal performance of the building  Prevent uncontrolled air infiltration  Improve microclimate and protect building from the summer sun

10 September of 15 Communication is the key to success Hotels and resorts can achieve a lot by motivating their staff and inviting their guests to join the efforts –Hotel loses credibility if staff is not sensitized about energy use Staff should take active part in the energy conservation initiatives –According to survey, 60% of travelers leave their environment- conscious behavior when they check into a hotel! Communicate to encourage guests to retain their energy-saving habits Well-aware guests appreciate the efforts and contribute immensely Example of Gaia Napa Valley Hotel –Kiosk that shows the status of energy efficiency in the building –26% drop in energy costs and 45% drop in water cost

10 September of 15 Challenges for small and medium players ENVIROTEL: An e-tool to assist small and medium players of the accommodation sector Thanks for your attention