© Arginine Benefits LLC, 2013Author: Dr. Rainer BögerPage 1 Arginine Cardio: Evidence-based reduction of blood pressure (1) L-Arginine is the precursor of Nitric Oxide L-Citrulline potentiates the bioavailability of L-arginine Arginine Cardio is the L-Arginine supplement that has the highest L-citrulline Content Nitric Oxide causes vasodilation and thereby reduces blood pressure.

© Arginine Benefits LLC, 2013Author: Dr. Rainer BögerPage 2 Arginine Cardio: Evidence-based reduction of blood pressure (2) L-Arginine is not being marketed by pharmaceutical industry with a multi million dollar budget for promotion. Clinical trials with L-arginine to lower blood pressure have been performed by independent academic research institutions, with small research budgets. Therefore, patient numbers in clinical trials with L-arginine are comparatively small. However, there is a recent meta-analysis summarizing clinical trials with L-arginine.

© Arginine Benefits LLC, 2013Author: Dr. Rainer BögerPage 3 Dong et al.; American Heart Journal randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials involving 387 participants with oral L-arginine intervention ranging from 4 to 24 g/d […] Compared with placebo, L-arginine intervention significantly lowered systolic blood pressure by 5.39 mm Hg (95% CI −8.54 to −2.25, P =.001) and diastolic BP by 2.66 mm Hg (95% CI −3.77 to −1.54, P =.001). Arginine Cardio: Evidence-based reduction of blood pressure (3)

© Arginine Benefits LLC, 2013Author: Dr. Rainer BögerPage 4 Dong et al.; American Heart Journal 2011 L-Arginine better Placebo better

© Arginine Benefits LLC, 2013Author: Dr. Rainer BögerPage 5 Dong et al.; American Heart Journal 2011 L-Arginine better Placebo better

© Arginine Benefits LLC, 2013Author: Dr. Rainer BögerPage 6 Dong et al.; American Heart Journal 2011

© Arginine Benefits LLC, 2013Author: Dr. Rainer BögerPage 7 Arginine Cardio: Evidence-based reversal of atherosclerosis (1) Nitric Oxide has been known to protect from atherosclerosis ever since the Nobel Prize for Medicine was awarded for this finding in L-Arginine is the precursor of Nitric Oxide. Animal experiments have unequivocally proven in different models and in various laboratories around the world that L-arginine can reverse atheroslcerosis. Whilst no big, multinational studies could be performed with L-arginine due to lack of funding from public sources, multiple studies have shown reversal of endothelial dysfunction, the early clinical sign of atherosclerosis, by L-arginine. We have a collection of case reports that show reversal of atherosclerotic plaque in humans during a few months of L-arginine intake.

© Arginine Benefits LLC, 2013Author: Dr. Rainer BögerPage 8 Böger et al., Atherosclerosis 1995; 117: 273 – 284 Study A: Prevention of Plaque Build-Up Design: 0 8 weeks Control Cholesterol Cholesterol + L-Arginine Results: Cholesterol Cholesterol; treated with L-arginine CONTROLCHOLESTEROL Carotid intimal plaque area [% of total intima] * CHOL. + L-ARGININE # (0) A. carotis

© Arginine Benefits LLC, 2013Author: Dr. Rainer BögerPage 9 Böger et al., Circulation 1997; 96: Study B: Stopping the Progression of Plaque Build-Up Design: 0 10 weeks Control Cholesterol Results: 16 4 Cholesterol + L-Arginine Cholesterol Cholesterol + Lovastatin Control 0 weeks 16 4 Intimal plaque area (carotid artery) [%] % „Dietary L-arginine completely suppressed the aggravation of intimal plaque formation during the second part of the study Lovastatin treatment significantly reduced the progression of plaque formation but did not completely block it.“

© Arginine Benefits LLC, 2013Author: Dr. Rainer BögerPage 10 Candipan et al., Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1996; 16: Study C: Reversal of Pre-Existing Plaque Design: 0 18 weeks Cholesterol Results: Cholesterol Cholesterol + L-Arginine 0 weeks Intimal plaque area (carotid artery) [%] „This is the first demonstration that restoration of NO activity can induce regression of preexisting intimal lesions and provides evidence that L-arginine therapy may be of potential clinical benefit “ Cholesterol 18 14

© Arginine Benefits LLC, 2013Author: Dr. Rainer BögerPage 11

© Arginine Benefits LLC, 2013Author: Dr. Rainer BögerPage 12

© Arginine Benefits LLC, 2013Author: Dr. Rainer BögerPage 13