War of 1812 l Eagle is challenged l Called “Second War for Independence”

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Presentation transcript:

War of 1812 l Eagle is challenged l Called “Second War for Independence”

Causes of the War of Freedom of the Seas neutrals had the right to trade with anyone France and England did not accept this war! both need American aid demanded exclusive rights

Causes of the War of Impressment of Sailors merchant ships were being stopped by British Royal Navy taking British sailors off of American ships would “impress” Am. Sailors into the Royal Navy

Causes of the War of Land Crazed War Hawks wanted more land for America expansion Midwest was “Great American Dessert” British Canada and Spanish Florida willing to go to war Henry “Henry of the West” Clay - Kentucky John C. Calhoun - S. Carolina John C. Calhoun

Causes of the War of Trouble on the Frontier Shawnee Tecumseh and brother, Tenskwatawa “the Prophet” envisioned Indian confederation to prevent westward expansion in Ohio River Valley large army of braves Tippecanoe/Wabash River Gen. William Henry Harrison meet Indians defeated Indians and destroyed The Prophet’s town Battle of Tippecanoe / “Old Tippecanoe” Tecumseh

Congress calls movement a British scheme supplying Indians with weapons Battle of Tippecanoe

Causes of the War of National Honor restricting freedom of seas and impressment challenged Am. Honor fighting for respect national honor at stake

War of 1812 l President Madison Declared War pushed by House Speaker Henry Clay in his address to Congress impressment interference with neutral commerce British alliances with western tribes failed to mention real reasons Am. Independence and honor desire for more land - Canada Pres.. Madison

War of 1812 l America is not ready for war army of only 12,000 West Point had not produced enough officers turned to state militia l U.S navy small compared to Royal Navy

War of 1812 l Divided nation war support came from west and land hungry southerners anti -war fever from New England States called it “Mr. Madison’s War” had important economic ties with British

l Important Battles War of 1812

l Invasion of Canada fails Am. Troops meet British Detroit Indians join British forces surround Am. Detroit Am. Surrender without a fight days before Indians massacred Fort Dearborn lost control of Northwest Territory

War of 1812 U.S.S. Constitution l Naval Victories bolster morale 1. U.S.S. Constitution “Old Ironsides” defeat British ship Guerriere

2. Captain Oliver Hazard Perry defeated small British fleet on Lake Erie 3 hr battle “We have met the enemy, and they are ours.” US controls strategic water way Captain Oliver Perry

War of 1812 l Battle of Thames Gen. William Henry Harrison on the march defeated British and Indian forces Tecumeseh is killed - ends hope of Indian unity win back Northwest Territory marches onto York (Toronto) burns capital of Canada to the ground including Parliament building

War of 1812 l Battle of Horseshoe Bend Gen. Andrew Jackson fighting the Creek Indians decisive victory in Alabama opens the door for Southern states to expand later

War of 1812 l Washington D.C. is burned British marched in unopposed retaliation for the burning of York Dolly Madison saves picture of Washington

War of 1812 l The Siege of Baltimore Americans successfully defend the city and Fort McHenry Francis Scott Key writes “The Star Spangled Banner” (1931)

War of 1812 l The Treaty of Ghent doesn’t decide issues that lead to war restores the pre-war status quo 1. boundaries between Canada and US are set 2. demilitarizes the Great Lakes 3. Oregon Territory placed under joint rule for the next 10 years

The Battle of New Orleans l unaware that peace was made British attack l Gen. Andrew Jackson is heavily outnumbered l defend New Orleans with an elaborate system of fortification - “cotton barrels” l after two British frontal assaults - Am. Inflict massive losses

The Battle of New Orleans

l Jackson “Old Hickory” becomes American hero! “In 1814 we took a little trip, Along with Colonel Jackson down the Might Mississip. We took a little bacon and we took a little beans, And fought the Bloody British in the town of New Orleans.”