Preventing Salmonellosis Related llness Gladys J. Garilus, MPH student Waldent University PUBH Instructor: Dr. Patrick Tschida Fall Quarter, 2011

Overview My PowerPoint presentation is focused on salmonella outbreaks in the United States, especially the Minnesota outbreak. Minnesota Department of Health has investigated the cause of the Salmonella outbreak and had found that multiple infections took places because of the transportation of pets. Health care professionals, health organizations and policy makers work toward the goal of reducing the prevalence of food borne illness. My PowerPoint presentation is focused on salmonella outbreaks in the United States, especially the Minnesota outbreak. Minnesota Department of Health has investigated the cause of the Salmonella outbreak and had found that multiple infections took places because of the transportation of pets. Health care professionals, health organizations and policy makers work toward the goal of reducing the prevalence of food borne illness.

A) What is salmonellosis? A) What is salmonellosis? Salmonellosis is one of the most common foodborne diseases faced by the USA population. Salmonellosis is one of the most common foodborne diseases faced by the USA population. Salmonellosis cause  salmonella bacteria. The most common types of salmonella  salmonella serotype typhimurium  salmonella serotype enteritidis. (CDC, 2011)

CONTINUE  Salmonella is a dangerous disease  Annually, many people are infected and killed with salmonella (CDC,2005)

Salmonella Bacteria

B) Food that contains salmonella bacteria B) Food that contains salmonella bacteria Food that can be contaminated by salmonella bacteria are:  Poultry  Beef  Pork  Milk  Eggs  Vegetable (Moeller, 2006)

C) Who is at risk to become infected? a) Individuals who do not wash their hands after handling reptiles, baby chicks and ducklings, and small rodents. b) Salmonellosis can be spread from a pet ditributor to other retail pet stores. c) Salmonellosis can be transported from one state to anothers. The Minnessota salmonella outbreak in 2004 is an example of multi-state outbreak. d) People who have impaired immune systems. (Schneider, 2006)

D) Indirect exposures Children can be exposed to salmonella:  indirectly through rodents transported or housed contaminated containers.  through contact with rodent feces. (CDC, 2005)

E) Symptoms of salmonellosis Symptoms are: Symptoms are:  Diarrhea  Fever  Abdominal cramps  Those symptoms develope 12 to 72 hours after infection (Food Poisoning Health Center, 2011) (Food Poisoning Health Center 2011)

F) Salmonella outbreak in Minnesota In 2004, a salmonella outbreak occurred in Minnesota. In 2004, a salmonella outbreak occurred in Minnesota.  40% of the patients were hopitalized  no deaths occurred. (CDC, 2005)

G) The Minnesota salmonella outbreak is associated with pet rodents  a boy in Minesota was found infected after purchasing a mouse from retail store  a boy in South Carolina was found infected after purchasing hamster from retail store (CDC, 2005)

H) The bacteria spread in multiple states  15 patients have diagnosed with salmonella serotype typhimurium from differents state such as: Ilinois, kentucky, Missouri, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Minnesota,Georgia, Michigan, New Jersey, and North Carolina due to rodents exposures.  The majority of those pet stores of each state during investigation reported ill hamsters and numerous deaths. (CDC, 2005)

I) How salmonella can be treated and prevented?  hands washing with soap and hot water  sanitazing pet stores and distributors, animals transported containers and cages.  avoiding contact with rodents feces.  proper handling and cooking of food. (CDC,2005)

J) What can be done to prevent the wide spread of foodborne illness?  Health Organizations, health care professionals, and health care providers should:  inform the public how they can be infected.  educate the population on how to prevent salmonella infection. (CDC, 2010)

K) Treatment  oral fluids for rehydratation  Antibiotics: ampicillin, trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole, or ciprofloxacin, (CDC, 2010) (CDC, 2010)

Reducing the spread of Salmonella  Health Organizations, health care professionals, and health care providers should inform the public how they can be infected by salmonella bacteria in some foods and pet stores.

In summary  Salmonella is illness transmitted by contaminated food and pets Treatment  oral fluid  Antibiotics Prevention:  hands washing  Be careful when contacting with pets such as mouse, reptile, and baby duck  Proper cooking

References: Center for Disease and Prevention Control (CDC) (2010). Salmonella Retrieved from is.html is.html is.html Center for Disease and Prevention Control (CDC) (2005) Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium Associated with Rodents Purchased at Retail Pet Stores-United States, December 2003October 2004, MMWR, 54(17); Retrieved from

References Food Poisoning Health Center (2011). Salmonelosis topic overview. Retrieved from: recipes/foood-poisoning/tc/salmonellosis-topic- overview Heinrichs, A.(2005). CDC Issues’ pet’ warnings. Retrieved from: _ html _ html _ html Joshi, M.(2008). Scientist turning Salmonella bacteria into cancer fighting robots. Retrieved from turning-salmonella-bacteria-cancer-fighting- robots turning-salmonella-bacteria-cancer-fighting- robots-21297http:// turning-salmonella-bacteria-cancer-fighting- robots-21297

References: Moeller, D. W. (2005). Environmental health (3rd ed.). Boston: Harvard University Schneider, M. J., (2006) Introduction to Public Health (2nd ed.)Jones and Bartlett, Sudbury, Massachusetts

For more information Bell,C. & Kyriakides, A. (2002). Salmonella:A practical approach to organism and its control in foods. Blackwell Science WHO (1994). Control of Salmonella infections in animals and prevention of human foodborne Salmonella infection. WHO Consultation. Vol. 72(6): Human Salmonellosis Associated with Animal-Derived Pet Treats - United States and Canada, 2005Human Salmonellosis Associated with Animal-Derived Pet Treats - United States and Canada, 2005, MMWR June 30, 2006/ Vol. 55/ No. 25/ Pages Human Salmonellosis Associated with Animal-Derived Pet Treats - United States and Canada, 2005 Three Outbreaks of Salmonellosis Associated with Baby Poultry from Three Hatcheries -- United States, 2006Three Outbreaks of Salmonellosis Associated with Baby Poultry from Three Hatcheries -- United States, 2006, MMWR March 30, 2007/ Vol. 56/ No. 12/ Pages Three Outbreaks of Salmonellosis Associated with Baby Poultry from Three Hatcheries -- United States, 2006 CDC(2011). Reptiles, Amphibians, and Salmonella. Retrieved from: