Operation Service Diagnosis Battery Operation Service Diagnosis

Battery Source of Energy Reserve while running Stabilizer P - C117

Battery Converts chemical energy into electrical energy

Cells # of cells Cell voltage How cells are connected P - C120

Chemistry During charging and discharging

Charged + = Pb O2 (Pure lead peroxide) - = Pb (Sponge lead) Solution = H2 SO4 Solution of Sulfuric acid & water

Discharging + = PbSO4 - = PbSO4 Plates turn to Lead Sulfate Solution = H2O

Why do batteries freeze?

Reversing the cycle again

During discharge During charge Battery Gassing During discharge During charge

Batteries do blow up

Precautions Remove ground terminal first Connect ground last Corrosive Jumper/charger on block Corrosive

Precautions when jumping a battery when using a charger when disconnecting a cable when using any flame source

P -C119 Construction

Positive plate Negative plate Separator Grid

P - C 118 Conventional Battery

Maintenance Free - pluses Larger plates Resistance to overcharging Longer shelf life Higher cold cranking rate P - C125

Maintenance Free - faults Grid growth - hot Can’t take being deep cycled Low reserve capacity Drain quick with a parasitic load Shorter life

P - C124 Low maintenance

Hybrid Batteries Calcium in the neg. plates Antimony in the pos. plates Allows deep cycling Marine Golf carts etc.. P -C125

Recombination Has gel instead of liquid Result - no gassing P - C127 Has gel instead of liquid Result - no gassing higher cell voltage .1 cold starting

Terminals Post Side Terminal “L” terminal leakage specialty and import P - C127

Temperature 0’ = 40% Charge Plate area Impurities Gassing

Causes of battery failure

Causes of failure Electrolyte level Overcharging Undercharging Corrosion Cycling Temperature Vibration

State of charge testing

Hydrometer Ball Style

Hydrometer float Style

Battery Refractometer

Open Circuit Voltage Test Battery Voltage with the car off. Sealed batteries Remove surface charge 12.66 = fully charged 12.4 = 3/4 charged P - L128

A battery Must be 3/4 charged before doing a battery capacity test

Before load testing - Check the temp.

The right battery for the vehicle Before load testing you must know what the battery is, or should be rated at

Ratings Cold cranking Amperes rating CCA Cranking Amperes rating CA P -C128 Cold cranking Amperes rating CCA Cranking Amperes rating CA Ampere-hour rating Reserve capacity rating Watt hour rating

Battery capacity rating Cold Cranking Amperes - CCA most common “Number of amperes load of battery will maintain at 0 degrees Fahrenheit for 30 seconds without battery voltage falling below 7.2 volts” (1.2 volts per cell) size of engine should be smaller than cold cranking ampere

Do not be misled by CA that’s just cranking amps Do not be misled by CA that’s just cranking amps. It will give you a higher reading but it misleads you because it is tested at a higher temperature. Cranking amps are the numbers of amperes a lead-acid battery at 32 degrees F (0 degrees C) can deliver for 30 seconds and maintain at least 1.2 volts per cell (7.2 volts for a 12 volt battery).

Recommended Minimum battery size 4-cylinder 400 CCA 6-cylinder 500 CCA 8-cylinder 575 CCA

Battery types WET CHARGE shipped with electrolyte must charged during storage DRY CHARGE shipped empty manufacture gives forming charge dries the cell elements and seals it. If you keep moisture out it will remain fully charged for long time. When needed just add electrolyte

Battery checking visual Inspection

Battery checking visual Inspection cracked or leaking case liquid level, add water use distilled water preferred (No minerals) or ice melted out of a freezer Voltage can discharge across top from post to post clean battery top and post and cables, battery hold downs

visual Inspection

Removing Batteries Always Disconnect the ground cable first. (Negative Cable on cars) Always hook up the ground cable last If you disconnect the positive first and touch ground you will have sparks.

Removing Batteries Always make sure you have a way to keep the memory alive (Computer, radio, etc) when you replace the battery.

Cleaning The Battery mix baking soda and water to clean batteries clean post and cable with a terminal brush or post cutter coat all connections with grease or use a spray like NOCO NCP-2 Battery corrosion spray

Formula for load testing Three times the ampere-hour rating P - L130 Capacity Test

Formula for load testing Cold cranking amps divided by 2

Three minute charge test Tests for a sulfated battery 40 amps for three minutes Should be below 15.5 volts

Battery Drain test or System drain test This is done When a battery goes dead for no apparent reason. Charging system seems to work OK Yet after charging the battery it is dead after several nights.

Battery Drain test or System drain test Ammeter is hooked in series at the battery post with everything off Make sure you close the door or the courtesy lights will be on GM .1 P - L137-L139 lab

Make sure you change the leads on the meter to amps Battery Drain test Make sure you change the leads on the meter to amps

Battery Drain test Make sure you change the leads

Battery Drain Specifications 77 & older cars .01 A 10mA 78-85 .02 -.025A 20-25mA 1986 & Newer .05A 50mA This is just a best guess

Battery leakage test Voltmeter – lead at negative post Voltmeter + lead drag across battery No voltage should be present anywhere if it is clean the battery P - L126 lab.

Terminal Test This is just a voltage drop test done on the battery terminals. You must disable the ignition and crank over the engine. Should be under .2 volts. Make sure you do both terminals

P - L122 lab Fast / Slow charging

Fast / Slow charging P - L122 lab Clean up Battery first unhook cables - check liquid level don't charge over 16 volts. If plates are sulfated or if battery has been discharged for some time slow charge for a long period 24 hours (about 2 Amps) don't allow temperature to exceed 100 never fast change batteries Fast / Slow charging

Use a Mixture of water and Baking soda Battery cleaning Use a Mixture of water and Baking soda A commercial battery cleaner or Coca-Cola Rinse off with water or you will have a sticky mess. P - L134 lab

The End That's all for this battery