French Monarchs

House of Capet – descended from the first French king – Hugh Capet House of Capet – descended from the first French king – Hugh Capet Philip III r Philip III r ***children: Philip IV ***children: Philip IV Charles, Count of Valois Charles, Count of Valois

Philip IV "the Fair" r Philip IV "the Fair" r ***children:Louis X ***children:Louis X Philip V Philip V Charles IV Charles IV Isabella "She Wolf of France" married Edward II of England Isabella "She Wolf of France" married Edward II of England had issue who were claimants to the French throne had issue who were claimants to the French throne 100 YEARS WAR 100 YEARS WAR Problems with papacy Problems with papacy

Louis X r Louis X r ***children:John I – infant ***children:John I – infant John I r John I r ***no children – throne passed to uncle ***no children – throne passed to uncle Philip V r son of Philip IV Philip V r son of Philip IV ***only daughters – Salic Law – throne passed to his brother ***only daughters – Salic Law – throne passed to his brother Charles IV r son of Philip IV Charles IV r son of Philip IV ***no surviving sons – throne was to go to Edward III of England ***no surviving sons – throne was to go to Edward III of England son of his sister Isabella – BUT!!!! French barons refused to son of his sister Isabella – BUT!!!! French barons refused to acknowledge an English king in France – they ignored the natural line of succession and asked Charles IV’s cousin to rule as king acknowledge an English king in France – they ignored the natural line of succession and asked Charles IV’s cousin to rule as king

Philip VI r start of the Valois branch of the House of Capet Philip VI r start of the Valois branch of the House of Capet – son of Charles, Count of Valois – grandson of Philip III – son of Charles, Count of Valois – grandson of Philip III ***children: John II ***children: John II

SUCCESSION CRISIS – throne should have gone to cousin Edward III of England – the origin of the Hundred Years War John II r John II r ***children: Charles V ***children: Charles V Captured 1356 in the Battle of Poitiers against, Edward, the Black Prince – son of Edward III of England – taken as a captive to London – ransomed as part of the Peace of Bretigny 1360 – but John died in London as a prisoner Captured 1356 in the Battle of Poitiers against, Edward, the Black Prince – son of Edward III of England – taken as a captive to London – ransomed as part of the Peace of Bretigny 1360 – but John died in London as a prisoner

Charles V r Charles V r **children: Charles VI **children: Charles VI Recovered much of the French territory lost in the Peace of Bretigny Recovered much of the French territory lost in the Peace of Bretigny

Charles VI r Charles VI r ***children: Katherine married 1. Henry V of England ***children: Katherine married 1. Henry V of England 2. Owen Tudor 2. Owen Tudor Charles VII Charles VII Had mental problems – his maternal uncle – the Duke of Burgundy tried to rule as regent for a time – this led in part to the Burgundy-Valois turmoil for the next century Had mental problems – his maternal uncle – the Duke of Burgundy tried to rule as regent for a time – this led in part to the Burgundy-Valois turmoil for the next century Agreed to 1420 Treaty of Troyes Agreed to 1420 Treaty of Troyes

Charles VII r Charles VII r ***children: Louis XI ***children: Louis XI Dauphin – disinherited by the Treaty of Troyes – later disinherited his nephew Henry VI of England and was crowned Charles VII Dauphin – disinherited by the Treaty of Troyes – later disinherited his nephew Henry VI of England and was crowned Charles VII Used Joan of Arc to help restore power Used Joan of Arc to help restore power

LOUIS XI – (r ) LOUIS XI – (r ) Shrewd and often vicious – revived the power of the French monarchy after the victory over the English in the Hundred Years War. His chief foe was Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy who challenged his power as king. Charles was killed at the Battle of Nancy 1477 which ended Burgundian claims. He signed the Treaty of Picquigny with the English in which the English renounced claims to the French throne. He was succeeded by his thirteen year old son Charles VIII Shrewd and often vicious – revived the power of the French monarchy after the victory over the English in the Hundred Years War. His chief foe was Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy who challenged his power as king. Charles was killed at the Battle of Nancy 1477 which ended Burgundian claims. He signed the Treaty of Picquigny with the English in which the English renounced claims to the French throne. He was succeeded by his thirteen year old son Charles VIII

***the 1477 defeat of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy would be crucial to history*** The French monarchy was strengthened – BUT – sections of Burgundy and all of FLANDERS was taken by the ally of Louis XI, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor*** ***the 1477 defeat of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy would be crucial to history*** The French monarchy was strengthened – BUT – sections of Burgundy and all of FLANDERS was taken by the ally of Louis XI, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor***

Charles VIII r Charles VIII r Began French involvement in Italy through vague claim to the throne of Naples Began French involvement in Italy through vague claim to the throne of Naples Was challenged by Italian States and Ferdinand of Aragon – who feared the growth of French power in Italy. This French-Spanish conflict/rivalry made it more secure for England as its largest continental neighbors fought each other. Was challenged by Italian States and Ferdinand of Aragon – who feared the growth of French power in Italy. This French-Spanish conflict/rivalry made it more secure for England as its largest continental neighbors fought each other. Married Anne of Brittany Married Anne of Brittany Left no surviving children Left no surviving children Succeeded by his cousin Succeeded by his cousin

Louis XII r Valois-Orleans branch of the House of Capet Louis XII r Valois-Orleans branch of the House of Capet Great-grandson of Charles V of France Great-grandson of Charles V of France Married 1. Jeanne daughter of Louis XI – marriage annulled by Borgia pope for political reasons Married 1. Jeanne daughter of Louis XI – marriage annulled by Borgia pope for political reasons Married 2. Anne of Brittany – widow of Charles VIII – only daughters produced Married 2. Anne of Brittany – widow of Charles VIII – only daughters produced Married to Mary Tudor – daughter of Henry VII of England Married to Mary Tudor – daughter of Henry VII of England

Francis I r start of Valois-Angouleme branch of the House of Capet Francis I r start of Valois-Angouleme branch of the House of Capet Cousin and son-in-law of Louis XII Cousin and son-in-law of Louis XII True Renaissance scholar True Renaissance scholar Continued Italian Wars – defeating Swiss at Marignano Continued Italian Wars – defeating Swiss at Marignano Sworn enemy of Charles V – HRE as Charles surrounded France in Germany and Spain and had resisted France’s claims in Italy Sworn enemy of Charles V – HRE as Charles surrounded France in Germany and Spain and had resisted France’s claims in Italy Field of the Cloth of Gold 1520 – attempt to forge union with Henry VIII of England Field of the Cloth of Gold 1520 – attempt to forge union with Henry VIII of England While at first tolerant – Francis began persecution of Protestants While at first tolerant – Francis began persecution of Protestants Succeeded by his son: Henri II Succeeded by his son: Henri II

Henry II r Henry II r Married 1533 at age 14 to Catherine de Medici – descendant of Lorenzo and Cosimo de Medici – cousin to Clement VII who refused to grant Henry VIII his divorce from Catherine of Aragon Married 1533 at age 14 to Catherine de Medici – descendant of Lorenzo and Cosimo de Medici – cousin to Clement VII who refused to grant Henry VIII his divorce from Catherine of Aragon At age 15 Henry II began a life long affair with Diane de Poitiers – left Catherine powerless At age 15 Henry II began a life long affair with Diane de Poitiers – left Catherine powerless Began French persecution of Protestants – Huguenots – burning, imprisonment, etc. Began French persecution of Protestants – Huguenots – burning, imprisonment, etc. Continued French ventures in Italy – Habsburg-Valois Wars as the French and Charles V Holy Roman Emperor sought to control the peninsula Continued French ventures in Italy – Habsburg-Valois Wars as the French and Charles V Holy Roman Emperor sought to control the peninsula

1556 – Charles V abdicated and split his kingdom – Spain and the Low Lands (Belgium and the Netherlands) to his son Philip II of Spain – the HRE to his brother Ferdinand I 1556 – Charles V abdicated and split his kingdom – Spain and the Low Lands (Belgium and the Netherlands) to his son Philip II of Spain – the HRE to his brother Ferdinand I Henry II moved the wars to the Low Lands – French took Calais from the English as Mary I of England entered the war on the side of her husband Philip II Henry II moved the wars to the Low Lands – French took Calais from the English as Mary I of England entered the war on the side of her husband Philip II Peace of Cateau-Cambresis – 1559 – peace between England and France – Henry renounces claims to Italy – Philip II agrees to marry Elizabeth, daughter of Henry II. Peace of Cateau-Cambresis – 1559 – peace between England and France – Henry renounces claims to Italy – Philip II agrees to marry Elizabeth, daughter of Henry II. Raised the young Mary, Queen of Scots in his court. She married his son Francis I. Raised the young Mary, Queen of Scots in his court. She married his son Francis I. Henry II was killed after a joust to celebrate the marriage of his daughter Elizabeth to Philip II of Spain. Henry II was killed after a joust to celebrate the marriage of his daughter Elizabeth to Philip II of Spain. He left young sons – controlled by their mother Catherine de Medici. He left young sons – controlled by their mother Catherine de Medici.

Francis II r As a child his marriage to Mary, Queen of Scots was arranged. Mary was the daughter of James V of Scotland and Marie of Guise – from a powerful French family. As Catholic Europe did not recognize Elizabeth I’s claim to the English throne, the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and Francis I – in some peoples’ minds – linked the thrones of England, Scotland and France. Francis II r As a child his marriage to Mary, Queen of Scots was arranged. Mary was the daughter of James V of Scotland and Marie of Guise – from a powerful French family. As Catholic Europe did not recognize Elizabeth I’s claim to the English throne, the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and Francis I – in some peoples’ minds – linked the thrones of England, Scotland and France. Francis died of an ear infection that spread to his brain. Succeeded by his brother Charles IX Francis died of an ear infection that spread to his brain. Succeeded by his brother Charles IX

Charles IX r his reign saw the start of the French civil religious wars – the powerful ultra-Catholic Guise family fought for control of France against the royal family and the House of Bourbon which was supported by the growing Huguenot movement. Charles IX and his mother Catherine de Medic tried to balance between the Guise and Bourbon factions. Charles and his mother helped with the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre of Protestants in He died without legitimate children and was succeeded by his youngest brother Henry III. Charles IX r his reign saw the start of the French civil religious wars – the powerful ultra-Catholic Guise family fought for control of France against the royal family and the House of Bourbon which was supported by the growing Huguenot movement. Charles IX and his mother Catherine de Medic tried to balance between the Guise and Bourbon factions. Charles and his mother helped with the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre of Protestants in He died without legitimate children and was succeeded by his youngest brother Henry III.

Henry III r Henry III r – Edict of Beaulieu – granting concessions to Huguenots 1576 – Edict of Beaulieu – granting concessions to Huguenots Henry continued the balancing acting with his mother between the Huguenot and Guise factions (the Catholic League). Henry continued the balancing acting with his mother between the Huguenot and Guise factions (the Catholic League). War of the Three Henries – Henry of Guise, Henry of Navarre (Bourbon) Henry III War of the Three Henries – Henry of Guise, Henry of Navarre (Bourbon) Henry III Assassinated 1589 by a Dominican friar. Assassinated 1589 by a Dominican friar. Succeeded by his distant cousin Henry Bourbon, Henry of Navarre also his brother-in-law 1572 Henry of Navarre married Marguerite – daughter of Henry II and Catherine de Medici Succeeded by his distant cousin Henry Bourbon, Henry of Navarre also his brother-in-law 1572 Henry of Navarre married Marguerite – daughter of Henry II and Catherine de Medici Gender and Sexual Orientation “issues” Gender and Sexual Orientation “issues”

Henry IV Henry of Navarre Henry of Navarre Bourbon Bourbon Huguenot Huguenot r r “Paris is worth a Mass” “Paris is worth a Mass” Politique Politique War of the Three Henries War of the Three Henries Duc de Sully - advisor Duc de Sully - advisor m1. Marguerite of Valois m1. Marguerite of Valois m2. Marie de’Medici m2. Marie de’Medici Children: LOUIS XIII Children: LOUIS XIII Henrietta Maria m. Charles I of EnglandHenrietta Maria m. Charles I of England

Louis XIII r r Cardinal Richelieu – advisor Cardinal Richelieu – advisor m. Anne of Austria m. Anne of Austria Succeeded by son: Succeeded by son: Louis XIVLouis XIV

Louis XIV Fronde Fronde Cardinal Mazarin Cardinal Mazarin Versailles Versailles “L’etat c’est moi” “L’etat c’est moi” War of Louis XIV War of Louis XIV Married Maria Theresa of Spain Married Maria Theresa of Spain Colbert Colbert Le Tellier Le Tellier Louvois Louvois Involvement with British monarchy – Jacobite cause Involvement with British monarchy – Jacobite cause Succeeded by great- grandson: Louis XV Succeeded by great- grandson: Louis XV

Louis XV r r Duke of Orleans, regent Duke of Orleans, regent Cardinal Fleury Cardinal Fleury Mississippi Bubble Mississippi Bubble Seven Years War Seven Years War Madame de Pompadour Madame de Pompadour “Après moi, le deluge” “Après moi, le deluge” Succeeded by grandson: Louis XVI Succeeded by grandson: Louis XVI

r r Married Marie Antoinette – daughter of Maria Theresa, Empress of Austria Married Marie Antoinette – daughter of Maria Theresa, Empress of Austria FRENCH REVOLUTION FRENCH REVOLUTION Succeeded by son: Succeeded by son: Louis XVII Louis XVII

Louis XVII Never crowned Never crowned Died in prison during French Revolution Died in prison during French Revolution r r Succeeded by his uncle: Succeeded by his uncle: Louis XVIIILouis XVIII

Louis XVIII r. 1795(1814) r. 1795(1814) Restored to power by the Congress of Vienna and the defeat of Napoleon Restored to power by the Congress of Vienna and the defeat of Napoleon Talleyrand Talleyrand Succeeded by his brother: Charles X Succeeded by his brother: Charles X

Charles X r r Count of Artois Count of Artois Ultraroyalist Ultraroyalist 1830 Revolution 1830 Revolution July Revolution July Revolution Succeeded by cousin Succeeded by cousin Louis-PhilippeLouis-Philippe

Louis-Philippe r r Bourgeois Monarch Bourgeois Monarch 1848 Revolution 1848 Revolution

Bonapartes Napoleon I – Napoleon I – Napoleon II – never officially reigned Napoleon II – never officially reigned Napoleon III – Napoleon III –